The goal of this observational study is to understand the approach to pain management before, during, and after surgery at Mulago National Referral Hospital. It is focussed on adult patients undergoing major surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* How often are combinations of pain medications utilised before, during and after surgery? * Do combinations of pain medications result in better pain control after surgery compared to single pain medications?
Information on pain medications will be obtained from patient records. Patients will be asked to rate their pain after surgery every 6 hours for 24 hours.
Patients ≥18 years
Scheduled for elective orthopaedic, abdominal and thoracic surgeries
In the selected operating theatres during the study period
Reduced levels of consciousness or neurological deficits
ASA >III
Patients who present for surgical treatment at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala City, Uganda
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
patient-reported acute postoperative pain levels
This will be measured using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Pain intensity will be graded as mild (NRS: 1-3), moderate (NRS: 4-6), and severe (NRS: 7-10).
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Makerere University
Lead sponsor
University of California, San Francisco
Collaborator
