The study aims to test the relationship between the preoperative pain threshold and the intraoperative need for opioids.
The objective of the study is to try to predict a patient's analgesic needs based on their objectively determined preoperative pain threshold.
The investigators will include patients scheduled for elective cardiovascular surgery.
The investigators will investigate the correlation between the preoperative pain threshold and intraoperative/postoperative opioid consumption in a highly standardized anesthesia setting.
ASA 3 patients with scheduled cardiac surgery by thoracotomy or sternotomy
Patient refusal,
A body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²,
Allergies to any medication used in typical cardiac anesthesia,
Chronic pain or regular use of analgesics,