Guidelines lack high quality evidence on optimal postoperative chest tube and pain management after surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). This results in great variability in postoperative care and length of hospital stay (LOS). Chest tube and pain management are prominent factors regarding enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery, and in standardised care they are crucial to improve quality of recovery and decrease LOS.
Historically, postoperative chest tubes are left in place for at least a fixed number of 3-5 days, irrespective of absence of air leakage. This period was deemed necessary for adequate pleurodesis and prevention of recurrence. However, it is suggested that removal on the same day of surgery is safe and associated with a reduced LOS.
Regarding postoperative pain management, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the gold standard for postoperative pain management following video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Although the analgesic effect of TEA is clear, it is associated with hypotension and urinary retention. Therefore, unilateral regional techniques, such as paravertebral blockade (PVB), are developed.
The investigators hypothesize that early chest tube removal accompanied by a single-shot paravertebral blockade (PVB) for analgesia is safe regarding pneumothorax recurrence and non-inferior regarding pain, but superior regarding LOS when compared to standard conservative treatment.
All patients operated for PSP
Age ≥ 16 years
Able to read and understand the Dutch language
Mentally able to provide informed consent
Previous ipsilateral thoracic surgery (except diagnostic thoracoscopy only) or ipsilateral thoracic radiotherapy
Underlying lung disease that provoked the pneumothorax (secondary pneumothorax): genetically proven Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, periodic pneumothorax in female patients in reproductive age with known endometriosis (or known catamenial pneumothorax), pulmonary cystic fibrosis, active pneumonia, lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary ipsilateral malignancy
Contra-indications for TEA (infection at skin site, increased intracranial pressure, non-correctable coagulopathy, sepsis and mechanical spine obstruction)
Patients chronically (>3 months) using opioids will be excluded since postoperative baseline opioid requirement will be higher and TEA remains the preferred technique for these patients
Maxima Medical Center
Lead sponsor
ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
Collaborator
Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
Collaborator
Leiden University Medical Center
Collaborator