Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper-limb impairment representing a major determinant of functional limitation and reduced independence. Conventional rehabilitation approaches are often limited by accessibility, intensity, and long-term adherence, highlighting the need for innovative, home-based solutions.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized robotic telerehabilitation program for upper-limb recovery in individuals with post-stroke motor impairment. The intervention combines a wearable robotic device with a virtual reality-based platform, enabling patients to perform structured, task-oriented exercises in a home environment under remote supervision.
Participants will be allocated to either a robotic-assisted telerehabilitation program or a control condition based on virtual reality-based rehabilitation alone. Motor recovery will be assessed using standardized clinical scales, including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), along with measures of functional performance, patient-reported outcomes, and treatment adherence.
By integrating robotic assistance with telemedicine, this study seeks to enhance rehabilitation intensity, improve patient engagement, and facilitate continuity of care beyond traditional clinical settings. The results are expected to support the development of accessible, personalized rehabilitation pathways for individuals with stroke-related upper-limb disability.
Adults aged 18 years or older
Diagnosis of stroke with residual upper-limb motor impairment
Upper-limb functional impairment defined by a Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score between 20 and 50
Ability to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent
Presence of severe neurological or musculoskeletal disorders affecting the upper limb
Severe spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale ≥3)
Severe upper-limb pain (Numerical Rating Scale >4)
Skin lesions, infections, or conditions preventing safe use of wearable devices