The STELLAR trial will assess the effect of acalabrutinib taken in combination with CHOP-R compared to taking CHOP-R alone in patients with newly diagnosed Richter's Syndrome (RS). It will also be a platform to test other new drugs that show potential for treating RS. Chronic lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is the most common blood cancer in adults, usually in their 70s or older. In a few patients, CLL can transform from a slow-growing cancer into an aggressive lymphoma called Richter's Syndrome. RS is very difficult to treat and patients have a short life-expectancy - usually a few months after diagnosis. Treatment for Richter's Syndrome in the UK is CHOP (four chemotherapy drugs) plus rituximab ('R' - an antibody treatment). The CHOP-R treatment is given as a standard of care for RS but has limited benefit - it is often temporary to extend life. Richter's Syndrome returns in most patients who then die from this disease. The STELLAR trial will investigate if a new drug called acalabrutinib, which is effective used by itself in patients with relapsed CLL and also some with Richter's Syndrome, will improve outcomes for newly diagnosed patients with RS. Acalabrutinib blocks a protein in CLL which can stop the cancer growing.
Participants who have Richter's Syndrome and are suitable for CHOP-R will be recruited by specialised hospitals across the UK. People with another cancer, heart problems, or recent stroke cannot take part. Participants will have a lymph node biopsy, 3-4 bone marrow biopsies, blood samples, and PET-CT and CT scans. CHOP-R is given in a hospital every three weeks up to 6 times. All participants will receive CHOP-R; half will also receive acalabrutinib. When treatment with CHOP-R ends the patients who had acalabrutinib can continue to take it; patients who had CHOP-R alone may have acalabrutinib if their Richter's Syndrome returns after CHOP-R.
Suitable for anthracycline-containing chemo-immunotherapy.
Patients with CLL and newly diagnosed biopsy proven DLBCL-type RS.
ECOG performance status of 0, 1, 2 or 3.
Age 16 years and over.
Prior therapy with CHOP or any anthracycline containing treatment at any time prior to randomisation. (Please note that pre-treatment with prednisolone up to 2mg/kg is allowed for up to 14 days prior to the start of treatment).
Ibrutinib-exposed CLL patients who have been newly diagnosed with RS within four weeks of their last dose of ibrutinib. (Ibrutinib-exposed CLL patients who discontinue ibrutinib due to toxicity or progressive CLL and later (more than four weeks) develop RS are not excluded from the randomised trial component).
Previous acalabrutinib exposure. (Prior exposure to other Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), or BCL-2 inhibitors is permitted, with the exception of patients who have progressed on ibrutinib - see exclusion criterion above).
Known central nervous system (CNS) involvement of CLL or DLBCL.
Parallel
Acalabrutinib
Drug100mg capsule, PO, BD
Cyclophosphamide
Drug750mg/m\^2, IV bolus
Doxorubicin
Drug50mg/m\^2, IV bolus
Vincristine
Drug1.4mg/m\^2, IV infusion
Prednisolone
Drug40mg/m\^2, PO, OD
Rituximab
Drug375mg/m\^2, IV infusion
Randomised Component - Progression free survival (PFS)
Progression free survival (PFS) defined as the time from randomisation to the date of progression or death from any cause. Progression will be defined by the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). Patients who are alive and progression free at the time of analysis will be censored at date last seen. Any participants who withdraw or are lost to follow-up will also be censored at date last seen.
Registration Arm - Cohort 1 - Overall Response
Overall response after 24 weeks of treatment based on the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) are considered to be positive responses for assessment of this outcome. Participants who withdraw prior to the 6 month assessment or do not have the 6 month assessment will be considered non responders.
Registration Arm - Cohort 2 - Overall Response
Overall response after 6 cycles of treatment, defined by the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). CR and PR are considered to be positive responses for assessment of this outcome. Participants who withdraw prior to the post-cycle-6 assessment or do not have the post-cycle-6 assessment will be considered non-responders.
Overall Survival
Defined as time from date of randomisation (for randomised trial) or registration (to the relevant cohort for single-arm cohorts) to date of death from any cause. Participants who are alive at the time of analysis will be censored at date last seen.
Overall Response after 6 cycles
Overall response (randomised component only) after cycle 6, defined by the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). CR and PR are considered to be positive responses for assessment of this outcome. Participants who withdraw prior to the post-cycle-6 assessment or do not have the post-cycle-6 assessment will be considered non-responders.
Overall Response after 12 weeks
Overall response (cohorts 1 only) after 12 weeks, defined by the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). CR and PR are considered to be positive responses for assessment of this outcome. Participants who withdraw prior to the 12-week assessment or do not have the 12- week assessment will be considered non-responders.
Progression Free Survival
PFS (single-arm cohorts only) defined as the time from date of registration to date of progression or death from any cause. Progression will be defined by the modified Cheson criteria (Appendix 1). Participants who are alive and progression free at the time of analysis will be censored at date last seen. Any patients who withdraw or are lost to follow-up will also be censored at date last seen.
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