This is an open-label umbrella study conducted in first treatment ES-SCLC patients, employing a novel umbrella trial design (biomarker-integrated multi-arm trial with a shared ICI+chemotherapy control arm). Eligible patients were assigned to trial arms based on biomarker expression levels. Biomarker subgroups were defined as: (1) High ASCL1/NEUROD1/DLL3 expression: DLL3-CAR-NK cells combined with ICI + etoposide + carboplatin (DLL3 group); (2) Myc overexpression: XPO1 inhibitor selinexor combined with ICI + etoposide + carboplatin (XPO1 group); (3) VIM/AXL high expression group treated with anlotinib combined with ICI + etoposide + carboplatin (anlotinib group).
The diagnosis of SCLC is confirmed by histology or cytology, and according to VALSG and AJCC9, the imaging diagnosis is extensive stage.
Patients who have not previously received systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic disease, or patients who have relapsed after concurrent chemo-radiotherapy during the localized stage.
The expected survival time is not less than 12 weeks.
According to RECIST V1.1, there is at least one measurable lesion that has not undergone radiation therapy.
During screening, patients with symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis (asymptomatic CNS metastasis, or asymptomatic and stable condition after local treatment for 4 weeks can be enrolled).
Individuals with a history of central nervous system diseases before screening, such as epilepsy, cerebral ischemia/bleeding, paralysis, aphasia, stroke, severe brain injury, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cerebellar disease, organic brain syndrome, mental illness, or any autoimmune disease associated with central nervous system involvement.
Received chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, endocrine therapy within 4 weeks of screening, and was evaluated by the researcher as not suitable for enrollment.
The adverse reactions of previous anti-tumor treatments have not yet recovered to level 1 (CTCAE5.0), except for toxicity that the researchers have determined to have no safety risk, such as hair loss and level 2 peripheral neurotoxicity.