About this trial
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition that occurs as a complication of medical and surgical diseases, has a mortality of \~40%, and has no known treatment other than optimization of support. Data from basic research, animal models, and retrospective studies, case series, and small prospective studies suggest that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) similar to that used for cardiac arrest may be lung protective in patients with ARDS; however, shivering is a major complication of TH, often requiring paralysis with neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) to control. Since the recently completed NHLBI PETAL ROSE trial showed that NMBA had no effect (good or bad) in patients with moderate to severe ARDS, the CHILL trial is designed to evaluate whether TH combined with NMBA is beneficial in patients with ARDS. This Phase IIb randomized clinical trial is funded by the Department of Defense to compare TH (core temperature 34-35°C) + NMBA for 48h vs. usual temperature management in patients in 14 clinical centers with the Clinical Coordination Center and Data Coordinating Center at University of Maryland Baltimore. Planned enrollment is 340 over \~3.5 years of the 4-year contract. COVID-19 is considered an ARDS risk-factor and patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia will be eligible for enrollment. Primary outcome is 28-day ventilator-free days. Secondary outcomes include safety, physiologic measures, mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay, and serum biomarkers collected at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
endotracheal tube or tracheostomy in place and mechanically ventilated for ≤7 days;
admitted to a participating ICU
radiologic evidence of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates not fully explained by pleural effusions, atelectasis, or hydrostatic pulmonary edema
SpO2 values are 80-96%
Disqualifiers
Missed moderate-severe ARDS window (>72hrs) - Window starts when patient is intubated with a qualifying P/F ratio of ≤ 200 with PEEP ≥ 8 cm H2O or on high flow nasal oxygen with well-fitting nasal cannula with flow ≥ 40 LPM and FiO2 ≥ 0.65 or on non-invasive pressure ventilation with PEEP ≥ 8 cm H2O and FiO2 ≥ 0.6.
Missed NMB window: (>48 hrs)
Missed mechanical ventilation window (>7 days)
Refractory hypotension (continuous infusion of >0.3 mcg/kg/min of norepinephrine or equivalent dose of other vasopressors within 2 hours prior to randomization)
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Hypothermia
DeviceSubjects will be cooled using either cooling blankets or gel-pad systems to maintain core temperature 34-35°C.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
DrugSubjects in the TH + NMB arm will be deeply sedated using agents at the discretion of the primary ICU team, then start continuous iv infusion of either cisatracurium, atracurium, or vecuronium titrated to 2 twitches on train of four monitoring and further titrated to ablate visible shivering.
Standard of care
DeviceSubjects who are hypothermic (≤36°C) during CRRT will receive surface warming to restore core temperature to 37°C. Patients with core temperature \>38°C will receive 650 mg acetaminophen and, if temperature remains \>38°C, surface cooling will be initiated to return core temperature to 37-38°C.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
28-day ventilator-free days (VFDs)
Total number of days alive and not on a ventilator in the first 28 days after enrollment
Secondary outcomes
28-day ICU-free days
Total number of days alive and not admitted to the ICU in the first 28 days after
Survival
28-day, 60-day, and 90-day mortality
non neurologic Sequential Organ Failure (SOFA) scores
SOFA score excluding neurologic component - based on PaO2/FiO2 (0-4), BP and pressor requirement (0-4), bilirubin level (0-4), platelet count (0-4), and creatinine (0-14) with total composite score 0-20
Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
Pulse ox reading
Sponsors and contacts
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University of Maryland, Baltimore
Lead sponsor
US Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program
Collaborator
KAI Research
Collaborator
United States Department of Defense
Collaborator