Heart failure (HF) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are frequently not administered renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapies at recommended doses due to hyperkalaemia, despite proven mortality and morbidity benefits. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a nonabsorbed potassium binder proven to lower serum potassium (S-K) and maintain normokalaemia. The purpose is to assess if a treatment regimen containing SZC will allow RAASi therapies to be optimized to target doses in patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease and elevated serum potassium or at risk of developing elevated serum potassium.
Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol.
Provision of informed consent form prior to any study specific procedures, sampling and analysis.
Individuals must be ≥ 70 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent form.
Individuals must have a confirmed diagnosis of Heart Failure (HF) according to clinical practice guidelines NYHA functional class I-III (with HFrEF or HFpEF).
Limited life expectancy (less than 1 year) according to clinician's criteria, such as but not limited to malignancy, with life expectancy of less than 2 years based on investigator's clinical judgement.
sK >6 mEq/litre or <4.5mEq/litre or history of hypokalemic episodes (S-K<3.5 mEq/L) during the last year.
Patients on haemodialysis or haemofiltration
NYHA functional class IV