Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP (, a key tool that is used in diagnosis and treatment of pancreato-biliary diseases. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common and serious complication that can occur following this procedure and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. A variety of patient-related and procedure-related factors have been associated with higher rates of PEP.
Age more than 18 years old.
Gender: Males and Females
Patients with suitable indications for ERCP due to suspected pancreato-biliary disorders.
Blood amylase and lipase levels before ERCP are within the normal limits
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM)
Severe bleeding tendency
Impaired renal function (serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL), (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min)
Patients with severe heart disease.