This randomized controlled study is to evaluate the effectiveness of inhaling penehyclidine hydrochloride in reducing perioperative respiratory adverse events in children at risk undergoing minor elective surgery.
Pediatric patients aged 3 to 7 years.
Scheduled to undergo ophthalmic surgery.
Judged to be at risk of PRAEs (with at least one parentally reported risk factor for the PRAEs, including history of a recent cold, wheezing during exercise, wheezing more than three times in the past 12 months, nocturnal dry cough, eczema, or a family history of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, or exposure to passive smoke).
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification ≥ IV.
Known cardiopulmonary diseases (eg. uncorrected congenital heart disease, primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, tumors, or structural lung diseases).
Severe renal dysfunction (requirement of renal replacement therapy) or severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh grade C);
Neurological disorders.
Sun Yat-sen University
Lead sponsor
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University
Sponsor institution
Shenzhen Eye Hospital
Collaborator