Postoperative pain after adenoid and tonsil surgery is significant, with approximately 75% of pediatric patients experiencing severe postoperative pain. Currently, there is a lack of clinical strategies to safely and effectively manage postoperative pain in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery. Dexmedetomidine and esketamine can achieve appropriate sedation levels and alleviate postoperative pain when used in children. Both drugs can be administered intranasally, and their pharmacological effects complement each other, reducing side effects. This study aims to investigate whether intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination can improve postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenoid and tonsil surgery.
Aged 3-7 years old.
Scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy under general anesthesia.
Provides written informed consent by the guardian.
Unsuitable for intranasal administration due to nasal diseases (such as rhinitis, nasal polyps, or any condition causing nasal congestion).
Clearly diagnosed cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Communication barriers due to delayed neurological development or visual or hearing impairments.
Traumatic brain injury or neurosurgery.