Lidocaine, Paracetamol, and Dexmedetomidine for Rocuronium Injection Pain

Propofol and rocuronium may cause pain during intravenous injection. Various pharmacological agents are used to reduce the incidence and severity of injection pain. Among the most commonly used agents for this purpose are lidocaine, various opioids, ketamine, paracetamol, and dexmedetomidine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine and paracetamol versus lidocaine in preventing propofol- and rocuronium-induced pain during anesthesia induction.