The aim of this study is to determine the comparative effects of plantar intrinsic muscles exercises and three-dimensional ankle foot exercises on balance, gait and fall risk in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
The participants who scored ≥ 7 (abnormal) as per the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI)
Able to ambulate 10 m barefoot without using a walking aid
Patient reporting to have either fear of falling or experienced a fall in the previous 12 months
Cognitive Function on Mini-Mental State Examination is normal (MMSE score: Above 25)
Presence of other neurological conditions (GBS, Paraneoplastic Neuropathy, Infectious Neuropathy, others)
Severe Retinopathy, a vascular complication of DM.
Limited Ankle and foot ROM due to fracture or contracture.
Presence of active plantar ulcers.