Transthoracic ultrasonographic assessment of the diaphragmatic performance as a predictor for the outcome of NIV in critically ill COPD patients with acute exacerbation.
One Hundred fifty five critically ill COPD patients admitted to respiratory intensive care unit
Diagnosis of COPD and COPD exacerbation is fulfilled according to GOLD 2022 criteria
Age>40years
Age ˂ 40 years.
Refusal to participate in the study.
Patients with morbid obesity (BMI>40).
Absolute indication for intubation like coma ,hemodynamic instability, or life threatening arrhythmia.