The cause of menstrual disorders is unknown because many female students, embarrassed or unsure of what is "normal," never seek care. In young females, abnormal uterine bleeding is usually functional-reflecting immaturity or dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, anovulatory cycles, or inherited bleeding disorders-while serious structural pathology is rare. Nevertheless, early bleeding can be the first sign of conditions such as polycystic-ovary syndrome, endometriosis, or von Willebrand disease. It is the primary source of iron-deficiency anemia in females before marriage, leading to chronic fatigue, diminished academic performance, and lower exam results.
A sectional study will be performed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the presence of HMB using the SAMANTA scale after its Arabic validation, and also evaluate the effect of HMB on quality of life using the validated heavy menstrual bleeding scale and assess impact on academic performance finally both females with positive HMB or not will asked to do Complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin and coagulation profile.
None
Females known to have chronic anemia or hemolytic anemia by history
Females on anticoagulation treatment.
Females known to have coagulopathy.
Females with any chronic condition (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, etc.) in the previous 12 months were excluded from participation in this study.