The purpose of this study is to establish a personalized model of prognosis stratification for patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and molecular target therapies.
Has a diagnosis of HCC confirmed by radiology, histology, or cytology;
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C with the presence of extrahepatic spread and/or macrovascular invasion;
Has not received any previous systemic therapy for HCC (including chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, immunotherapy);
Both PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis drugs patients received only include marketed drugs but are not limited to HCC approval;
Cholangiocarcinoma, fibrolamellar, sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma, and mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinoma subtypes(confirmed by histology, or pathology) are not eligible;
Unable to meet criteria of combination timeframe described above;
Child-Pugh C or PS>2 or Severe hepatic encephalopathy