"Recovery Techniques on Pain, Force and Muscle Oxygenation in Athletes: A Crossover Trial"

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the impact of various passive post-exercise recovery techniques on professional athletes. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Do passive recovery modalities significantly improve muscle oxygenation and tissue temperature immediately following high-intensity effort?

Which specific technique is most effective in reducing perceived pain, measured by the pressure pain threshold, and restoring muscle strength?

Researchers will compare six different therapeutic interventions-Transfer of Energy Capacitive and Resistive therapy, manual massage, intermittent negative pressure therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, percussion therapy, and pneumatic pressotherapy-to determine which provides a superior immediate physiological and functional recovery effect.

Participants will:

Perform a high-intensity physical effort designed to induce peripheral fatigue.

Be randomly assigned to receive one of the six recovery protocols.

Undergo objective measurements immediately after the intervention, including near-infrared spectroscopy to assess muscle oxygen saturation, tissue thermography, algometry, and dynamometry.