This study aims to evaluate the incidence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and its prognostic implication for the improvement of left ventricular function in patients who have been diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) caused by non-ischemic etiology.
a) Subject must be at least 19 years of age. b) Subject with symptoms or signs of HF (NYHA ≥2 dyspnea) and reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%) c) Subject who clinically need coronary angiography d) Subject who can voluntarily sign informed consent form
a) Subject with significant coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography (diameter stenosis ≥90% or 50-90% with fractional flow reserve [FFR] ≤0.80) b) Subject scheduled for cardiac replacement therapy (heart transplantation or left ventricular assisted device [LVAD] implantation) c) HF due to restrictive cardiomyopathy, active myocarditis, or constrictive pericarditis d) Significant valvular heart disease requiring surgery e) Subject who have non-cardiac co-morbid conditions with life expectancy <1 year