Patients with preoperative cognitive impairment are at increased risks of delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (POCD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to improve cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairement. This trial is designed to compare the effects of rTMS versus sham intervention on postoperative neurocognitive function in patients with preoperative cognitive impairment.
Aged ≥65 years;
Patients with preoperative mild to moderate cognitive impairment, defined as 9<Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)<26;
Scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration of >2 hours;
Expected to stay in hospital for at least 5 days after surgery.
Left-handed;
Primary school education level or below;
Comorbid diseases including mental illness, intellectual disability, auditory and visual dysfunction, language impairment, severe neurological disorders, or other diseases that impede the completion of evaluation;
Neurosurgery;
Peking University First Hospital
Lead sponsor
The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medicial University
Collaborator
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
Collaborator