About this trial
The safety and efficacy of competence of paramedics to administer sufentanil intravenously in adult acute trauma patients without presence or without phone-call consult with an emergency medical doctor will be assessed in this observational study.
Condition or disease: pain in trauma or injury. Intervention/treatment: sufentanil administered by paramedics after the phone call consultation of medical doctor versus sufentanil administered by paramedics based on their competency, without consultation of medical doctor.
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
acute trauma with severe pain (VAS/NRS > 4)
age > 18 years
conscious patient (GCS = 15; alert in AVPU)
haemodynamically stable patient (> 100mmHg of systolic blood pressure, > 60/min of heart rate)
Disqualifiers
EMS doctor on site
paediatric patient (less than 18 years)
predominantly chronic but not acute pain
incomplete documentation
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Sufentanil intravenous administration followed consultation of remote physician
- Sufentanil intravenous administration based on paramedic competency