This observational, case-control study will evaluate differences in serum uric acid and related hematologic and biochemical parameters between adolescents (12-18 years) with primary headache and age-/sex-matched controls without recurrent headaches or chronic medical/psychiatric disorders. Cases will meet International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria verified by a pediatric neurologist after comprehensive clinical assessment. The study will also collect sociodemographic data and anthropometrics to calculate BMI. Primary outcome is the between-group difference in serum uric acid levels at enrollment. Secondary outcomes include group differences in ferritin, creatinine, BUN, complete blood count indices (Hb, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, MPV), and BMI.
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History of neurological disorders other than primary headache
Previously diagnosed psychiatric conditions
Autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, severe cardiac failure, metabolic or inflammatory disorders, obesity, or significant hepatic or renal impairment
Regular use of psychotropic medications or a history of polycythemia