This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effects of high-intensity transcranial alternating current stimulation (hi-tACS) on insomnia symptoms in patients with idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders (IIDDs) by analyzing both the overall disease characteristics of IIDDs and individual patient variability. Additionally, the study will investigate the neuroimmunomodulatory mechanisms of hi-tACS. The findings are expected to provide evidence for the clinical application of hi-tACS in managing insomnia in IIDDs and offer new insights for personalized treatment strategies.
Patients with idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders (IIDDs) meeting the diagnostic criteria, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) [based on the Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (2016 Edition)] and multiple sclerosis (MS) [based on the Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (2023 Edition)], and accompanied by insomnia.
Aged between 18 and 65 years, regardless of gender.
Experiencing difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or early morning awakening on at least 3 nights per week for more than 3 months.
Severe daytime functional impairment (Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, item 7 [daytime dysfunction] ≥2).
History of relapse within the past 1 month.
Drug adjustment within the past 1 month, or receipt of modified electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy, or other neuralcontroltechnology therapy.
Participation in any other clinical studies within 1 month prior to enrollment or currently.
Presence of cochlear implant system, cardiac-pacemaker, or intracerebral implanted stimulators.