The safety, clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and/or hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with targeted immunotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) require further in-depth study. This research aims to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of TACE and/or HAIC combined with targeted immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
We are going to compare and analyze local tumor response, survival outcomes, prognostic factors and adverse events. Tumor response was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) version. Adverse events were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. This study intends to include the targeted and immunotherapy applied, mainly including: lenvatinib, sorafenib, apatinib, bevacizumab, etc.; pembrolizumab, carfilzomib, sintilimab and teprotumumab, etc.
aged 18-80 years
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score < 2
maximum tumor diameter ≥ 7 cm
IVC/RA TT diagnosed by contrast-enhanced CT / MRI before study treatment
with other malignancies
prior anti-tumor therapy
history of drug allergy
autoimmune diseases
120 HCC patients who underwent TACE and/or HAIC combined with molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy between January 2021 and December 2025 were enrolled.
Cohort
Retrospective
TACE (transarterial chemoembolization) combined with targeted/immunotherapy
Procedure/Surgerytransarterial chemoembolization
Overall survival(OS)
OS was calculated as the duration from the date of the first cycle of the study combination therapy to the date of death or last date of follow-up.
Progression-free survival (PFS)
PFS was defined as the duration from the date of the first cycle of the combination therapy to tumor lesion progression, death, or last follow-up, whichever came first.
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