This study is designed as a prospective observational cohort to evaluate recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In our clinic, anesthesia for VATS is commonly provided either with target-controlled infusion (TCI) or with inhalational agents, depending on the routine practice of the anesthesiologist. No randomization or additional intervention will be performed.
During the study period, patients who receive either method as part of standard care will be followed, and perioperative and postoperative data will be recorded. Awakening time, extubation time, Aldrete score progression, pain levels, and early postoperative complications will be compared between the two groups. The aim is to better understand how these widely used anesthesia techniques may influence recovery in VATS patients and to support future clinical decision-making.
Adults aged 18 to 65 years
ASA IV or higher
The study population consists of adult patients undergoing elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at our institution. In routine practice, anesthesia for these procedures is provided either with target-controlled infusion (TCI) or with inhalational agents, according to the preference of the attending anesthesiologist. Patients between 18 and 65 years of age who meet the clinical criteria for VATS and are able to give informed consent will be included. Individuals with significant cardiorespiratory instability, ASA IV or higher, or conditions that may interfere with postoperative assessment will not be enrolled.
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Extubation Time
Time from discontinuation of anesthesia to removal of the endotracheal tube. Extubation time will be recorded routinely in the operating room as part of standard postoperative monitoring.
Awakening Time
Time from the end of anesthesia to the patient's first response to verbal command (eye opening or hand squeeze), recorded routinely in the operating room.
Aldrete Score Progression
Aldrete scores will be recorded at standard intervals in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to evaluate early recovery. The time needed to reach an Aldrete score of 9 will be compared between groups.
Postoperative Pain Score (NRS)
Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) will be used to assess postoperative pain at PACU admission and during the early postoperative period.
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