A previous study demonstrated that a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program was associated with reduced medium- to long-term all-cause mortality in a retrospective propensity score-matched study. The investigators will further investigate the predictors including LOXl2, cardiac MRI, and endothelial function that will benefit from a successful CR.
Patients must give written informed consent before any assessment is performed.
Inpatients >= 20 years of age, male or female.
Patients with a diagnosis of heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV with BNP >=100 pg/mL or NT-porBNP >= 400 pg/mL ( >= 900 pg/mL if concomitant atrial fibrillation)
Left ventricular ejection fraction <= 40% by echocardiography or other methods
Estimated survival time < 6 months
Long-term bedridden for more than 3 months
Cannot tolerate exercise test due to muscular skeletal disorder.
Cannot cooperate all functional studies