Team-Based Learning Integrated Into Clinical Simulation in Nursing Students

This study aims to evaluate whether integrating Team-Based Learning (TBL) into clinical simulation improves learning outcomes in undergraduate nursing students compared with traditional simulation alone.

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an educational approach that actively involves students in small groups through individual preparation, teamwork, and application of knowledge to real-world problems. Clinical simulation is already widely used in nursing education to help students practice technical and non-technical skills in a safe environment. Combining these two approaches may enhance learning, but evidence is still limited.

In this randomized controlled trial, third-year nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor of Nursing program at the University of Pisa will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will receive a Team-Based Learning session before participating in a clinical simulation, while the control group will take part in standard simulation activities without TBL.

The study will assess students' knowledge, technical skills, and teamwork competencies immediately after the educational activities and again at three and six months to evaluate retention of learning outcomes. Participation is voluntary and does not involve additional risks beyond standard educational activities.