Exploring the 90% Effective Ventilation Pressure (EP90) for Esophageal Insufflation Avoidance During Anesthesia Induction: The aim is to determine the optimal ventilation pressure for esophageal insufflation avoidance during anesthesia induction and to explore its guiding significance for anesthesia management. The goal is to provide a more precise and personalized ventilation pressure setting standard for clinical anesthesia, thereby enhancing the safety of the anesthesia induction phase.
Age: 18-65 years, regardless of gender;
ASA classification: I-III;
Scheduled for elective general anesthesia surgery;
BMI: 18.0-28.0 kg/m²;
Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
History of upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcers, or hiatal hernia;
Recent (within 2 weeks) respiratory infections, chronic cough, similar symptoms, and other known or predictable respiratory system diseases;
Need for emergency surgery or airway obstruction after anesthesia induction requiring urgent intubation;