The purpose of this research study is to test how different aspects of food including food processing affect eating behaviors.
do not have restrictive eating practices
regularly consume breakfast
able to understand and sign the consent form
have own transportation to the research center
taking statins, medication to lower blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, or weight-loss medications
pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
diagnosed with an eating disorder, hypothyroidism, or cancer
allergy to study foods or express unwillingness to consume them
Crossover
UPF breakfast/MPF breakfast
Other interventionParticipants will be provided with the UPF breakfast during the first study visit and the MPF breakfast during the second study visit
MPF breakfast/UPF breakfast
Other interventionParticipants will be provided with the MPF breakfast during the first study visit and the UPF breakfast during the second study visit
Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS)
Participants will complete visual analogue scales (VAS) on satiety measures during each study visit. VAS are represented by 100mm lines anchored at each end by descriptive extremes. For satiety, these extremes are statements about desire to eat (very weak; very strong), hunger (not hungry; as hungry as I've ever felt), fullness (not full; totally full), satisfied (completely empty; cannot eat another bite), prospective consumption (not at all; a large amount). Participants indicate via marks on the VAS line the extent to which they experience each sensation at a given timepoint. Measurements are tracked across time and plotted on a graph from baseline to the time preceding the next meal and the area under the curve above the baseline measurement is calculated.
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USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
Lead sponsor
University of North Dakota
Collaborator
