Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a pattern of muscle imbalance that leads to forward head posture, rounded shoulders, or excessive thoracic kyphosis, thereby affecting posture and cervical-shoulder function. Dynamic Taping is a taping technique aimed at enhancing movement control and muscle support through its elastic material and tension, influencing the skin and neuromuscular system. When applied to UCS patients, Dynamic Taping can assist in posture correction, improve posture control, and increase scapular dynamic stability. Additionally, Dynamic Taping can enhance proprioception, helping patients maintain proper posture through sensory feedback. Corrective exercises improve posture and stability by strengthening weakened muscles and stretching tight muscles. Combining these two interventions is expected to help address poor posture.
Age: >20years
Craniovertebral angle (CVA) of <48
Sagittal plane acromial angle of <52°
Thoracic kyphosis angle of >42° Meeting any one of these three angle conditions qualifies for inclusion.
Allergic reactions to dynamic taping
Bodyweight outside the normal range (BMI between 18 and 25)
Any evident misalignment in the cervical spine, pelvis, or lower/upper limbs
Trunk rotation exceeding 5°during forward bending tests due to scoliosis
Parallel
Dynamic Tape
DeviceDynamic Tape is a viscoelastic tape designed to assist movement and absorb load. The material is composed of either Nylon/Lycra or Recycled PET/Lycra.
Swiss Ball
DeviceA 75 cm diameter Swiss ball was used to provide an unstable surface during the exercise intervention.
Dumbbells
DeviceDuring the exercise intervention, 1 kg and 2 kg dumbbells were used as external resistance.
Visual Feedback Laser Device
DeviceA headband was prepared to attach the laser pointer securely, allowing participants to wear it . This visual feedback laser device was used during proprioceptive training to provide real-time feedback.
Posture (CVA and SSA and Kyphosis Angle)
The craniovertebral angle (CVA) and shoulder sagittal angle (SSA) were measured using the Physiomaster mobile application. During the measurement, the examiner positioned the smartphone to align the subject's image with the vertical and horizontal reference lines on the screen and then captured a photograph. The anatomical landmarks used for angle determination included the lateral canthus of the eye, the tragus of the ear, the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), and the midpoint of the line connecting the acromial processes. The thoracic kyphosis angle was measured using the Angle Meter mobile application. First, the device was calibrated to 0°. The smartphone was then placed at the level just inferior to T1 and subsequently at the level superior to T12. The kyphosis angle was calculated by summing the two measured angles.
Cervical Proprioception
Cervical proprioception was assessed using the Head Repositioning Accuracy (HRA) test with a cervical range of motion (CROM) device. Participants were instructed to adopt and recognize the neutral head position (0°). The head was then passively guided to 30° of flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. After each movement, participants actively returned to the perceived neutral position under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. The repositioning error was defined as the angular difference between the actual and the perceived 0° position
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