Many individuals engage in fasting for its purported health benefits but the effects of fasting on immune cell and whole body metabolism are not well understood in humans. Moreover, how exercising during a prolonged fast impacts immunometabolic outcomes is unclear. This study will determine how a 2 day fast - performed with or without daily exercise - impacts immune cell bioenergetics, immune cell function, and whole-body glycemic control in healthy active individuals.
Aged between 19 and 35 years.
Physically active (engaging in ≥150 minutes of weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity).
History of cardiometabolic diseases or inflammatory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease).
Individuals currently following a ketogenic diet, low-calorie diet, periodic fasting regimen, or consuming ketogenic supplements (e.g., exogenous ketone drinks).
Cigarette/vaping smoking.
Physical limitation that will impair the ability of the participant to perform exercise.