This study aims to investigate the impact of multiple preoperative antihyperstensive drug use on the burden of post-induction hypotension (PIH) in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The researchers will observe whether the combination of different antihypertensive classes (such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers) leads to a higher incidence and severity of blood pressure drops and increased need for vasoactive support during the period between anesthesia induction and surgical incision.
Adult patients aged 40 years and older
Undergoing elective cardiac surgery (e.g., isolated CABG, isolated valve surgery, or combined CABG+valve surgery via sternotomy)
Regular use of at least one antihypertensive medication for at least 4 weeks prior to the operation date
Voluntary participation and signed informed consent
Emergency surgery
Preoperative shock or requirement for high-dose inotropic/vasopressor therapy
End-stage liver or kidney failure
Uncontrolled hypertension