The goal of this observational study is to compare the real-life effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab, ustekinumab and JAK inhibitors in patients with UC who had been exposed to at least one anti-TNF-alpha therapy.
Established diagnosis of UC according to the current European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) guidelines7;
Age ≥ 18 years-old;
Capability of expressing informed consent;
Clinically active ulcerative colitis (cf. 'operative clinical measures', below) at baseline;
Diagnosis of Crohn's colitis, IBD-U or other gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions;
Age < 18 years-old;
Incapability of expressing informed consent;
Acute severe UC requiring hospitalization at baseline;
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Italy