The purpose of this observational study is to investigate the structure and composition of germinal centers in individuals with chronic HBV infection. The primary questions it aims to address are:
What are the phenotypes, functions, and complexity of B cell clones of the immune cells within the germinal centers of chronic HBV-infected individuals? Do chronic HBV-infected individuals have ectopic germinal centers in the liver? This will be studied by collecting peripheral blood and discarded liver, lymph node, and tonsil tissues from chronic HBV patients undergoing lymph node surgery, hepatectomy, and tonsillectomy.
Male or female, patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen negative patients with clinical diagnosis who need to undergo liver, spleen, tonsil or lymph node surgery.
Before performing any research-related steps, the patient understood the research process, signed the informed consent, and complied with the research requirements.
Patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus infection according to the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B(2019 Version)" .
Those concomitant HCV, HIV infection, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune liver disease , etc. were excluded.
Diseases of the immune system or coagulation system, such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, thrombocytopenic purpura, etc., were excluded.
Exclude serious underlying diseases that affect the immune status of the body.
The investigator believes that there are other circumstances that are not suitable for inclusion.