The goal of this observational study is to distinguish the infectious, healing, and regeneration-related characteristics of two types of gingival granulation tissues, namely infra-osseous and supra-osseous granulation tissues, in people with severe periodontitis (gum disease). Researchers aim to denote if these tissues may play role in healing after periodontal treatment. Researchers will also compare smokers and non-smokers to see if smoking disrupts the healing potential or infectious properties of granulation tissue. Participants will provide gingival fluid (before) and granulation tissue samples (at the time of) periodontal surgery. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Do infra- and supra-osseous granulation tissues have different healing potential and infectious properties? 2. How do these tissues differ in people who smoke compared to people who do not smoke?
Both genders.
Systemically healthy.
Both smokers (smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day or electronic cigarettes daily or quit less than 5 years ago) and non-smokers (never smoked, smoke no more than once a month or quit at least 5 years ago).
Patients aged 18 years and over.
Systemic diseases that may affect study results (uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (HBA1c level of >7%); recent (less than 6 months ago) myocardial infarction or stroke; blood coagulation disorders; recent use of antibiotics (less than 6 months).
Use of medications that may affect study results (anti-osteoporotic drugs, statins, corticosteroids, calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine A, antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotic medication or antidepressants, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (active or history)).
Current pregnancy and/or breastfeeding.
Patients who have received any form of systemic antibiotics in the last six months prior to the start of the study.
Riga Stradins University
Lead sponsor
University of Turku
Collaborator