Treatment for Low rectal cancer, especially in patients with regional lymph node metastasis are quite different between Japanese guideline (JSCCR) and western countries' guideline (NCCN, ESMO). While Japanese scholars advocate total mesorectal excision (TME) plus lateral lymph node dissection (LLND), European and American scholars advocate TME alone after Neoadjuvant Chemo-radiotherapy (nCRT), without the need of LLND. Accordingly, this clinical trial is designed to directly compare the efficacy and safety of these two treatment strategies for low rectal cancer with regional lymph node metastasis. It will provide high-level clinical evidence for the treatment of low rectal cancer with suspected local lymph node metastasis
Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma(below the peritoneal reflection) Clinical stage Ⅲ
Tumor is capable of performing radical recession
No past history of chemotherapy, pelvic radiation of other cancers.
Written informed consent
Past history of other cancers
Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancers or Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)
Combine with inflammatory bowl disease(IBD)
Recurrence tumor or invade other organs