This single-center, randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled pilot study aims to evaluate the adjunctive effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in overweight/obese patients who show a poor weight loss response to lifestyle intervention. Participants who achieve no more than 5% weight loss after 12 weeks of lifestyle intervention will be randomized to receive either taVNS plus lifestyle intervention or sham stimulation plus lifestyle intervention for an additional 12 weeks. The primary objective is to compare the percent change in body weight from baseline between the two groups after 12 weeks of intervention. Secondary objectives include evaluation of changes in body composition and fat distribution, autonomic function, liver-related parameters, and glycemic and lipid-related metabolic parameters.
Completed 12 weeks of lifestyle intervention treatment with ≤5% weight loss during the treatment period;
Completed 12 weeks of lifestyle intervention, with less than 1 month since completion, and achieved ≤5% weight loss during the intervention period;
Current body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m², or BMI ≥24 kg/m² with at least one weight-related comorbidity (e.g., hypertension or fatty liver disease);
Willingness to provide written informed consent.
Presence of diseases that may substantially affect body weight homeostasis, including Cushing's syndrome, uncontrolled thyroid disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone >6.0 mIU/L or <0.4 mIU/L), malignancy, or similar conditions;
Use within the past 3 months of medications that may significantly affect body weight, including glucocorticoids and antipsychotic agents;
Skin infection or damage involving the auricular area;
Women planning pregnancy in the near future;