Widespread infection with SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of people having Post-COVID. Post-COVID is a complex, non-monolithic disease with diverse clinical manifestations. Symptoms range from fatigue, brain fog, muscle aches and shortness of breath, affecting multiple organ systems simultaneously. To directly address this multi-organ component of Post-COVID, innovative treatment methods are urgently needed. One potential treatment that we will investigate in our study, is the intervention via the vagus nerve, as the cranial nerve plays a central role in communication between the body and the brain and influences targeted behavior. This innovative approach is based on our clinically relevant findings regarding the effects where acute tVNS increased the level of effort (Neuser et al., 2020; Ferstl et al., 2021), specifically targeting a key symptom of Post-COVID. In the proposed study, the investigators aim to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) as a non-invasive, self-administered treatment for Post-COVID symptoms at home. To evaluate the clinically relevant effects of repeated taVNS application (high-intensity stimulation), the investigators will employ a randomized cross-over design to investigate stimulation-induced changes in fatigue, depression and motivation to work for reward compared to low-intensity stimulation and to a control group.
individuals who have previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (preferred PCR-Test) or have a medically confirmed history of COVID-19 (preferred SARS-CoV-2 Antibody-test) and have persistent symptoms (including Post-COVID) .
clinical diagnoses made by physician: individuals are included with at least one persistent symptom for at least 4 weeks (Long-COVID) or at least 8 weeks (Post-COVID) following the SARS-CoV-2 infections, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog, headaches, irritability, cognitive difficulties, muscle or joint pain, sleep disturbances, etc.
Participants should not have an alternative explanation for their persistent symptoms, ruling out other medical or psychiatric conditions.
lack of capacity for consent
insufficient German language skills: Participants must have sufficient (B2 German) language skills to understand the informed consent form, study procedures, and questionnaires.
Intensive Care Unit treatment during COVID-19 infection
BMI > 18.5 & BMI < 35 kg/m2
Crossover
transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
DeviceThe study employs a CE-certified tVNS® E device, ensuring European safety standards (EU regulation 2017/745 on medical devices). This device features a stimulation cycle of 28 seconds on and 32 seconds off, with a 25 Hz impulse frequency. For the high-intensity group, the stimulation intensity will be individually adjusted in the session before starting the high-intensity tVNS stimulation at home. Recommended daily usage is max. 4 hours, after which it automatically shuts off.
Monitoring
BehavioralParticipants are monitored over 12 weeks using a combination of questionnaires and ecological momentary assessment. This approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the patient's health and well-being.
cardiowatch bracelet
DeviceThe study employs the medically certified cardiowatch bracelet from Corsano (CE-MDR medical certification, FDA 510 (k) cleared) for continuous monitoring of vital signals, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, SpO2, physical activity and sleep.
Stimulation-induced changes in invigoration: frequency of button presses during the first seconds of the trial to gain monetary rewards in the Effort Allocation Task.
Changes in invigoration to work for rewards are operationalized as the relative increase in the frequency of button presses on an Xbox controller during the first seconds of the trial in the Effort Allocation Task.
Stimulation-induced changes in symptoms of depression
Changes in symptoms of depression are measured via the Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale. The MADRS comprises 10 items rated on a scale from 0 to 6 to compute a sum score with higher scores indicating severe symptoms of depression.
Stimulation-induced changes in physical and mental aspects of fatigue
Changes in fatigue are measured by the Chalder Fatigue scale. The CFS comprises 11 questions rated on a 4-point Likert scale to compute a sum score. It will be measured three times six weeks apart.
Stimulation-induced changes in heart rate variability
Changes in heart rate variability are measured by a cardiowatch bracelet to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity. It will be measured over three months daily.
Stimulation-induced changes in physical activity
Changes in physical activity are measured by step count per day, which are recorded by the cardiowatch bracelet. It will be measured over three months daily.
Stimulation-induced changes in wanting the monetary rewards
Changes in wanting monetary rewards are measured via a visual analogue scale rating after each effortful trial in the Effort Allocation Task. It will be measured three times six weeks apart.
Stimulation-induced changes in exertion
Changes in exertion are measured via a visual analogue scale rating after each effortful trial. It will be measured three times six weeks apart.
Sensor-based data will be included in exploratory analyses.
Changes in sensory-based data are measured by a cardiowatch bracelet
Changes in Questionnaires
Questionnaires will be included in exploratory analyses and as a confounding variable.
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options:
