This prospective observational study aims to assess the association between real-world use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i; e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) and renal function decline in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2-4 (KDIGO classification). The study will also validate a urinary biomarker panel for early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD progression.
No investigational product is assigned, and medical practice or prescription patterns are not altered.
≥18 years old
Diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (KDIGO stages 2-4)
Life expectancy ≥12 months
Available clinical and laboratory data in the electronic medical record
Current or recent renal replacement therapy or kidney transplantation
End-stage renal disease
Participation in interventional trials that may affect outcomes
Allergy or intolerance to SGLT2i (for exposed cohort)