The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of football-based interventions in reducing stigma toward mental illness among university students. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Does participating in a contact-based education program involving football help reduce stigma toward mental illness among university students? * What are the effects of three different intervention methods on reducing stigma toward mental illness?
Researchers will compare the traditional contact-based education program with the other two interventions to evaluate their differences in effectiveness.
Participants will:
* Be randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups. * Complete online assessments to measure attitudes toward mental illness before and after the intervention. * Participate in qualitative interviews to provide in-depth feedback on their experiences and perceptions.
University students currently enrolled, aged between 18 and 30 years.
In good physical condition with no contraindications to exercise (i.e., not diagnosed by a physician or advised to avoid physical activity, and with no items selected on the PAR-Q+ [Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone]).
Able to follow the study procedures and provide signed informed consent.
Individuals who are unable to safely participate in football activities due to intellectual disability, pregnancy, head injury, cardiovascular disease, or other neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders.
Individuals who are unable to effectively participate in the intervention program or complete assessments due to significant emotional disturbances, personality disorders, substance (alcohol) abuse, or severe mental illness.