About this trial
Considerable evidence exists for using Virtual Reality (VR) for rehabilitation of acquired brain injury (ABI), with a particular focus on stroke. However, to date very little evidence has been collected in patients with ABI with different aetiologies (i.e., traumatic or anoxic brain injury) and level of severity (i.e., severe, sABI). The present multicentre study aims to overcome current literature issues as heterogeneity of populations and outcomes, small sample sizes and a lack of randomized controlled trials, which can affect the level of evidence and generalizability of results, to determine the effectiveness of a non immersive VR-based rehabilitation versus traditional cognitive training (TCT).
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
LCF ≥4 at study entry;
Age 18-75
Stable clinical diagnosis (i.e., stable LCF);
Time post-injury between 28 days and 6 months;
Disqualifiers
Severe medical conditions that might hamper participation in the rehabilitation sessions, or influence diagnosis;
Previous neurodegenerative or acquired neurological diseases that affect cognitive domains (e.g., dementia)
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Khymeia®-Virtual Reality rehabilitation System (VRRS EVO SYSTEM or COMPACT VRRS ENGINE)
Devicefully immersive VR software created by clinicians and experts specialized in cognitive rehabilitation. Khymeia Devices are Medical Class 1 devices according to MDR. VRRS systems consist of a central process unit, complete with a capacitive touch screen LCD monitor.
Traditional cognitive training (TCT)
Behavioralface-to-face approach between the therapist and the patient using paper and pencil tools and other traditional materials. The training of the executive abilities is carried out by working on categorization, planning, association processes, analogical reasoning, problem solving and coping strategies to simulate problematic situations, tailored on patients' deficits
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Trail Making Test (B-A score)
The TMT is a neuropsychological test assessing executive functions. Higher scores indicate a better performance
Secondary outcomes
Trail Making Test (B-A score)
The TMT is a neuropsychological test assessing executive functions. Higher scores indicate a better performance
modified Barthel Index
It is a measure of functional disability, with higher scores indicating higher functional independence
Disability Rating Scale
It is a measure of functional disability, with higher scores indicating higher disability
System Usability Scale
It is a measure of usability and compliance. Higher scores indicate a better performance
Other outcomes
NeuroPsychiatric Inventory
It is a measure of neurobehavioural and psychiatric disorders. Higher scores indicate a more severe disorder
Level of Cognitive Functioning
A clinical scale assessing global cognitive functioning. Higher scores indicate a higher cognitive functioning
Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
A clinical measure of post-traumatic amnesia. Higher scores indicate a more severe amnesia
Oxford Cognitive Screening
A screening neuropsychological test assessing different cognitive domains. Higher scores indicate a better cognitive performance
Sponsors and contacts
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
Anna Estraneo
Lead sponsor
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
Sponsor institution
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA
Collaborator
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Collaborator