Acute Biliary Pancreatitis

This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in frail patients unfit for cholecystectomy following an episode of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). Eligible patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either prophylactic ES during the index admission or conservative treatment. The primary endpoint is the time from randomization to the first occurrence of a recurrent pancreatobiliary event within 12 months, including recurrent ABP, cholangitis, choledocholithiasis requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), or cholangiogenic liver abscess. Secondary outcomes include mortality, pancreatobiliary events requiring intensive care unit admission, post-ERCP complications, cholecystitis, and length of hospitalization. A total of 92 patients will be enrolled. The trial will be led by the Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice.