ADHD

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in children. It can cause problems with attention and the ability to control actions and impulses. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is less common in children but not rare. It involves ongoing thoughts, urges, impulses, and repeated behaviors. Researchers want to study differences in brain activity between healthy children, those with ADHD, and those with OCD. Objective: To learn more about how the brain controls thinking and behavior. Eligibility: People aged 12 to 17 years with ADHD, OCD, or neither. Design: Participants will have 3 to 10 clinic visits in up to 1 year. Each visit will last 2 to 3 hours. Three visits are required: Behavioral. Participants will complete a computer task. Their mood, memory, attention, and thinking skills will be tested. EEG. Participants will undergo electroencephalography (EEG) to measure signals in their brain. Small electrodes will be placed on the scalp. A cap will be stretched over the head. Signals will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer. MRI. Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI). They will lie on a table that rolls into a tube. The MRI will take pictures of their brain while they do tasks on a computer. Seven more visits are optional. These include 2 more EEG visits and 2 more MRI visits. Three will be magnetoencephalography (MEG) visits: MEG measures small magnetic field changes in the brain. A helmet with sensors will be placed on the head. Brain changes will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in children. It can cause problems with attention and the ability to control actions and impulses. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is less common in children but not rare. It involves ongoing thoughts, urges, impulses, and repeated behaviors. Researchers want to study differences in brain activity between healthy children, those with ADHD, and those with OCD. Objective: To learn more about how the brain controls thinking and behavior. Eligibility: People aged 12 to 17 years with ADHD, OCD, or neither. Design: Participants will have 3 to 10 clinic visits in up to 1 year. Each visit will last 2 to 3 hours. Three visits are required: Behavioral. Participants will complete a computer task. Their mood, memory, attention, and thinking skills will be tested. EEG. Participants will undergo electroencephalography (EEG) to measure signals in their brain. Small electrodes will be placed on the scalp. A cap will be stretched over the head. Signals will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer. MRI. Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI). They will lie on a table that rolls into a tube. The MRI will take pictures of their brain while they do tasks on a computer. Seven more visits are optional. These include 2 more EEG visits and 2 more MRI visits. Three will be magnetoencephalography (MEG) visits: MEG measures small magnetic field changes in the brain. A helmet with sensors will be placed on the head. Brain changes will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer.

This is a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter bridging clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of viloxazine extended-release capsules (AK-D101) compared with placebo in Korean children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive AK-D101 or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. Randomization will be stratified by study site and age group (children aged 6 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years). The primary efficacy endpoint is the change from baseline to Week 8, End of Treatment, in the Korean ADHD Rating Scale, 5th Edition (K-ARS-5) Total Score.

The goal of this study is to test the efficacy of brief video interventions parental internalized stigma and stigma-related outcomes (e.g., treatment intentions, caregiver burden, secrecy) among parents (ages 25-50) of children ages 6-18 with depression, ADHD, or substance use problems. Timely identification and treatment of mental health problems in youth is a public health priority. However, many youth do not receive treatment, and stigma has been identified as the primary barrier to help-seeking. Parents experience stigma related to their children having mental health problems, which has been associated with reduced help-seeking and increased parental distress. Prior experiments have found brief video-based interventions (BVIs), 1-2 minute videos similar to those viewed by youth on social media platforms, based on the principle of "social contact" with individuals affected by a stigmatized condition, effective in reducing mental health stigma and increasing help-seeking. In this 4-arm RCT, the investigators will recruit parents aged 25-50 using an online crowdsourcing platform, to test the efficacy of BVIs featuring a personal parent narrative of their experience with their child's a) depression, b) ADHD, or c) substance use, or d) a control condition that provides general written psychoeducational information without social contact.

BRIEF SUMMARY A. "What is the purpose of this study?" This study will test whether the "AI City Hall Project" (QAIAx), a quantum artificial intelligence (AI) public health agency, can provide free or low-cost behavioral and mental health services inside self-contained, dome-enclosed communities called "Microcities". Researchers want to see if AI-managed public administration, AI humanoid robots, holoportation of human-figures via 'holo-suites' (e.g., AI-119 Kikkeri Holo-Suit; AI-119 Vulcan QM-Ware) and advanced AI mental-health tools can lower housing and care costs, improve mental health outcomes (e.g., particular ecosystems using AI tools among persons with one or more addiction disorders), and be financially sustainable for people on fixed incomes or public assistance. B. "What conditions does the study focus on?" The study focuses on adults with: * Autism spectrum disorders (Asperger's, autism, ADHD, ASD) * Substance use disorders (alcohol, opioids, marijuana, cocaine, MDMA/ecstasy, tobacco/nicotine) * Psychiatric conditions (personality disorders, narcissism, gender dysphoria, eating disorders) * Behavioral addictions (gambling, sex addiction) and related issues (sex offence history). C. "What does the study involve?" Eligible volunteers live in an omni AI-managed Microcity for up to 24 months. The community is housed in a geodesic dome that contains all daily necessities: housing, food, utilities, healthcare, and public services. Daily life is managed by an AI system (ISAC) and AI humanoid robots, with only occasional human oversight. Participants receive free mental-health treatment that may include AI-driven counselling, virtual-reality therapy (holo-suits), and non-invasive digital "attitude inoculation" protocols designed to reduce stress and addiction cravings. All participants also take AI-technology courses as a condition of enrolment. The study does not use any FDA-regulated drug, device, or biologic. \*\*Who can participate?\*\* You may be able to join if you: * Are an adult (18 years or older) * Have a diagnosis of one of the listed mental-health or addiction disorders * Are referred by a licensed health professional (e.g., RN, NP, PhD, MD), a non-profit organisation (e.g., 501(c)(3), university, church), or a public agency (e.g., case manager, social worker, parole/probation officer, judge) * Are willing to live in a closed, AI-managed community for up to one year and complete AI educational courses. Participants who are veterans, receive public assistance (e.g., VA disability, SSDI/SSI, Medicaid, Medicare), or are experiencing homelessness may be prioritised. \*\*Where is the study taking place?\*\* The study will be conducted at Microcity sites in the United States and internationally. The first administrative site is in Richmond, Virginia, USA. Additional sites are planned in partner nations, including tribal lands, military installations, and special economic zones. \*\*Who is sponsoring the study?\*\* The study is sponsored by \*\*Veterans Recovery Network Inc.\*\*, a non-profit organization, in collaboration with \*\*AI-119 Vulcan Project Research \& Educational Technology Co. (PRETCO)\*\* and an AI legal agency. The study is conducted under U.S. federal research and development authorities (28 U.S.C. §1498; 10 U.S.C. §129a) and is part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). This summary describes a planned clinical study. Not all details may be final. Information may change as the study progresses.

Pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 10% of children in the U.S. and more than 90% are prescribed stimulant medications according to clinical guidelines. The standard of care for pharmacological treatment of ADHD is a "trial-and-error" approach that requires frequent dose adjustments, side effects management, and communication among doctors, parents, and school personnel over weeks, months, and years. In the first year following prescription of stimulant medications, \>50% of doctors are not able to conduct the recommended follow-up with their patients. Many patients stop taking medications or keep taking medications that do not work well, as a result. This investigation will use a non-invasive brain imaging technique called EEG to look for activity in the brain that can predict which children with ADHD will respond well to two commonly prescribed stimulant medication groups, methylphenidate and amphetamines. Based on a previous study, it is expected that EEG signals can differentiate among children whose ADHD symptoms will get better on methylphenidate, and those whose ADHD symptoms will get better on amphetamines. 220 participants ages 7-11 with ADHD will be enrolled. Participants will not have autism or intellectual disabiltiy. They will not currently be taking psychiatric medications. Participants will not have not taken stimulant medications before or have tried stimulant medications \>6 months or experienced an improvement in their ADHD symptoms by taking a stimulant medication before. Study Participation Includes: 1. Participant and caregiver complete a 3-hour visit at the Arnett Laboratory at 2 Brookline Place. During this visit, participants complete a brief IQ test and an EEG while their caregiver completes questionnaires and a clinical interview. The caregiver will give permission to request survey responses from the participant's teacher. 2. The next day, the participant and caregiver will come back to the laboratory for a 1-hour visit. The participant will do another EEG while the caregiver fills out more surveys. The doctor will take the participant's vital signs and prescribe the medication. 3. The participant will be randomly assigned to take either methylphenidate HCl or amphetamines every morning for 3 weeks. At the end of each week, the caregiver and teacher will fill out a questionnaire about the participant's behaviors and symptoms, including side effects. 4. For one week, the participant will not take medications. They will come back into the lab for another EEG at the end of that week. 5. The participant will then take the other medication every morning for 3 weeks. At the end of each week, the caregiver and teacher will fill out a questionnaire about the participant's behaviors and symptoms, including side effects. 6. It will take participants about 7 weeks to complete this study. During this time, they will complete 3 in-person and 6 virtual study visits. 7. The research funds will cover cost associated with the study. The participant's health insurer will not be billed for the medications or treatment. Medications will be provided through the research pharmacy. 8. Participants will be given a report at the end of the study with details about the medication trials, symptom response, and any other findings. They will receive up to $270 for the completion of the study. Some travel-related costs will be covered by the study.

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of trauma-adapted yoga as a complementary intervention to care as usual in child and adolescents psychiatry clinics, in the population of adolescents with the diagnosis of ADHD and/or PTSD. We hypothesize that trauma-adapted yoga (TAY) is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for adolescent with ADHD and/or PTSD. Aims: (1) Validate the impact of TAY on the mental health \& quality of life of adolescents with ADHD and/or PTSD. (2) Investigate the feasibility of online TAY for continued self-care. (3) Explore adolescents' experiences \& parental perspectives on TAY in their treatment. (4) Explore healthcare professionals' experience on the integration of TAY into clinical practice. Within and between group (yoga group vs waiting list) analyses will be performed.

The goal of this observational study is to generate a comprehensive, multi-dimensional dataset of health indicators collected from girls and women (aged 10 years and older) with and without ADHD across the lifespan. Participants will be asked to complete a detailed survey about hormonal and developmental life phases, ADHD status and symptoms, childhood experiences, health and well-being, and psychosocial outcomes.

The first aim of this clinical trial is to test the feasibility and signal validity of a new approach to neurofeedback training (NF) using intensive EEG-based theta-beta NF for children with ADHD in the context of NF camps during school holidays. The second aim is to compare the efficacy of two neurofeedback protocols in reducing ADHD symptoms. Previous study results highlight that children with ADHD frequently show increased Theta-Beta-Ratios (TBR) in the qEEG, probably associated with attention difficulties, which may be ameliorated following neurofeedback training. However, the current state of research shows heterogenous findings regarding the efficacy of standard TBR NF for children with ADHD. Further study results suggest that personalized NF training protocols, based on the individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF), may be more effective in reducing ADHD symptoms than standardized ones. Therefore, in this proof-of-concept study of children with ADHD a standard TBR NF protocol is compared with an iAPF-personalized TBR NF (iAPF-TBR NF) protocol (based on the previously obtained iAPF). The study is designed as a randomized controlled intervention trial (RCT) with three assessment points (pre \[T1\], post \[T2\] and 6-month follow-up \[T3\]). Primary endpoints include the reduction of ADHD symptoms assessed by parent-, teacher- and self-report questionnaires. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that NF training is associated with better performance in a sustained attention and executive function test and a reduced TBR in qEEG, particularly following iAPF-TBR NF. The main questions are: * Is it feasible to train groups of up to 12 children with two sessions NF per day for an eight-day-period during their school holidays? * Does iAPF-TBR NF provide a valid neuromodulatory signal compared to the standard-TBR-NF protocol? Do the frequency boundaries demonstrate spectral stability across the 16 training sessions? * Does the personalized iAPF-TBR NF training reduce ADHD symptoms measured immediately after the training more than standard-TBR-NF training? (comparison T2-T1) * Does the personalized iAPF-TBR NF training reduce ADHD symptoms measured 6 months after the NF training more than standard TBR-NF training? (comparison T3-T1) * Does the reduction in ADHD symptoms measured immediately after the NF-training persist until the 6-month follow-up? Do possible differences between iAPF-TBR NF training and standard TBR NF training remain? (comparison T3-T2) Post-hoc analyses of the courses are carried out. In addition, selectivity analyses will be carried out for clinical subgroups (e.g. different ADHD profiles)

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether the ADHD\&me (ADHD\&ik) intervention can improve self-esteem in youth aged 16-25 years with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The ADHD\&me program is a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention designed to help people with ADHD to develop a more positive view of themselves in their transition to adulthood. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the ADHD\&me intervention improve self-esteem in youth with ADHD, and are these effects maintained over time? * Does the intervention also improve related outcomes, such as masking of ADHD-related behaviors and co-occurring mental health symptoms including anxiety, depression, and stress? In this RCT, participants are assigned either to immediate treatment or to a waitlist control condition, with the latter receiving the intervention after an eight-week delay. Participants will: * Take part in seven individual therapy sessions according to the ADHD\&me intervention. * Complete questionnaires about self-esteem, masking of ADHD-related behaviors, ADHD symptoms, and co-ccurring mental health symptoms at several time points. * Complete short daily assessments (ecological momentary assessment) during one week at the start of the study and one week after the intervention or waitlist period to report momentary self-esteem, emotions, distress, and activities.

The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether a smartphone-based data collection and feedback application ("Footsteps") improves the quality of behavioral data collected by one-to-one aides and leads to better youth mental health outcomes in school-aged youth (ages 4-17) who receive one-to-one support in schools. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does the Footsteps app improve aides' data collection quality (i.e., consistency, timeliness, and completeness)? 2. Does Footsteps use lead to improved youth behavioral health outcomes (e.g., SDQ, YTP scores)? 3. Does Footsteps improve communication and supervision processes between aides and clinical supervisors? Researchers will compare aides using Footsteps to those using a "data collection only" control app to see if Footsteps leads to higher quality data collection, enhanced supervisory communication, and better youth outcomes. Participants will: * Use either Footsteps or a control app to record de-identified data on one client's behaviors and skills over 12 weeks * Complete biweekly online surveys about data collection experiences, youth progress, and aide-supervisor communication * Participate in a virtual intake and post-trial meeting * (For a subset) Participate in a 30-45 minute qualitative interview about their experience using the app

The goal of this study is to test a behavioral program for pregnant individuals with ADHD. This behavioral program focuses on skills for managing ADHD and related symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum. This pilot effectiveness-implementation trial aims to (1) preliminarily evaluate the MomMA behavioral intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on clinical outcomes and (2) evaluate implementation outcomes, including feasibility and acceptability of clinic screening within existing OB workflows; assessment and intervention protocols; provider training/fidelity to manual; and all other study protocols from the perspective of real-world providers and participants.

The goal of the current project is to combine two evidence- based treatments for school-aged children with ADHD: Central Executive Training (CET) and Behavioral Parent Training (BPT). CET is a computerized training intervention that improves ADHD symptoms and academic functioning by improving children's working memory abilities. BPT is a therapeutic intervention that improves family functioning and child oppositional-defiant (ODD) symptoms by changing parenting behaviors. Their combined use is expected to provide complementary and additive benefits, particularly if CET is delivered before BPT.

The purpose of this study is to better understand sleep and circadian functioning in children with ADHD using home-based measures, parent report, and a lab based melatonin assessment. Investigators will also examine how sleep relates to psychiatric health and cognition among children with ADHD. The investigator for this study is Dr. Jessica Lunsford-Avery from the Department of Psychiatry.

Aim: To examine if parental emotion regulation (ER) moderates the response to parent training interventions. H1: Reduced parental ER capacity will predict diminished efficacy for behavioral parent training to improve negative parenting behavior (NPB) and behavior problems in offspring with ADHD. H2: Increased parental emotional reactivity will predict diminished efficacy for behavioral parent training to improve negative parenting behavior (NPB) and behavior problems in offspring with ADHD.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if iron supplementation works to restless sleep in youth with ADHD. A second goal is to learn if iron supplementation helps to ease ADHD symptoms. The main questions that this trial aims to answer are: Does 3 months of iron supplementation treatment improve parent- and youth self-reported sleep difficulties more than placebo? Does 3 months of iron supplementation treatment improve sleep as measured by actigraphy more than placebo? Does 3 months of iron supplementation treatment improve parent-reported and/or objectively measured attention more than placebo? Researchers will compare over-the-counter iron supplementation treatment to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if iron supplementation works to treat sleep difficulties in youth with ADHD. Participants will: * Take iron supplements every day for 3 months * Visit the clinic once before treatment begins and once at the end of treatment to complete tests and rating scales related to sleep and attention * Wear motion-monitoring leg bands while sleeping for one 2-week period before treatment begins and one 2-week period at the end of treatment

RAMP is a pilot study examining the use of an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Monitoring Program during the early stages of treating ADHD in children living in rural settings. This trial will enroll 36 caregiver/infant dyads across 2 sites and will evaluate feasibility endpoints rather than clinical outcomes. Enrolled participants will be randomized 1:1 to the intervention group (RAMP reports) or control group (digital education handouts). The study duration is 10 months, including start-up, enrollment and intervention, and data analysis and manuscript submission.

Neuropsychiatric conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism are characterized by specific deficits in cognitive functions. Thus, neuropsychological assessment is a critical part of the diagnostic process for these conditions. Inhibition is a specific function of interest during these examinations, since it is often affected in patients with ADHD and/or autism. The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a newly developed test measuring inhibition, without requirements of reading ability, and only limited requirements of language proficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the FDT in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. The FDT will be validated using the following research questions: 1. Is the FDT equivalent to the standard neuropsychological test of inhibition, the Color-Word Interference Test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions? (Convergent validity) 2. Is the FDT consistent with self-assessment of inhibition and behavioral regulation in every day life using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A)? (Ecological validity) 3. Are there differences in validity in the first two research questions due to language background or due to reading and writing difficulties? 4. Are there differences between patients with neuropsychiatric conditions and healthy controls in the performance of the FDT?

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether the Spanish-language version of Unstuck and On Target (SL-Unstuck), an executive functioning (EF) intervention, is feasible, acceptable, and effective for Spanish-speaking caregivers and their neurodivergent children (ages 8-11) in the U.S.. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is SL-Unstuck acceptable to Spanish-speaking caregivers and children? * Does SL-Unstuck improve child EF, caregiver EF knowledge, and caregiver strain? Researchers will compare families randomly assigned to immediate SL-Unstuck versus waitlist control to see if participating in the intervention improves EF and family outcomes. Participants will: * Attend 8 weekly SL-Unstuck sessions at a clinic (parallel child and caregiver groups) * Complete pre- and post-intervention assessments on child EF, caregiver strain, and satisfaction * Participate in a focus group to share feedback on the intervention

Understanding of informed consent is often limited in prison, due to unique challenges faced by detained people. This study will test a modified "teach-to-goal" informed consent process compared to standard procedures. Conducted within a larger study on psychiatric outcomes, it aims to enhance ethical practices for vulnerable populations.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by difficulties paying attention, poor impulse control, and hyperactive behaviors. It is associated with several health and social detrimental outcomes and leads to increased risks of criminality and recidivism. However, to date, ADHD treatment has been neglected in prison. This project will test the efficacy of ADHD treatment using a randomized controlled trial.

ADHD affects around 5% of children and manifests itself as hyperactivity, attention difficulties and motor control and balance problems. The prevalence of ADHD is particularly high in certain populations, affecting up to 25-30% of children born prematurely and around 20% of children with neurological conditions such as epilepsy. This disorder is officially diagnosed from the age of 6, according to current criteria. However, its clinical manifestations appear much earlier, having a significant impact on all aspects of the child's life, particularly in the most severe forms, which are often unrecognised due to a lack of clinical resources, and therefore without appropriate treatment. The creation of a platform dedicated to children at risk of ADHD will enable specific clinical expertise to be developed, with the aim of proposing early targeted interventions and positively influencing the development of their trajectory. This platform will also aim to develop new diagnostic methods, based on indirect measures of attentional and executive processes, balance and the development of a risk measurement scale. This development is essential, as the assessment tools currently available lack specificity. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the innovative diagnostic methods proposed, a comparative pilot study between children from the first clinical cohort (N=30) and a group of healthy children of the same age (N=30) will be carried out. This will enable us to study the discrimination of our tools and make any necessary adjustments. This pilot study also includes a longitudinal re-evaluation, at 12 months, of the children in the ADHD cohort, in order to study changes in these biomarkers over time.

The goal of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate whether a specific dietary intervention can reduce core symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults aged 18 to 50 years. The study also aims to understand how changes in diet may influence quality of life, neurocognitive function, and gut-brain signaling through the microbiota. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does a high-fiber, fermented food-based diet reduce ADHD core symptoms over a 12-week period, as measured by the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS)? 2. Does the diet improve neurocognitive function, mood, food reward, individual goals, and other quality-of-life outcomes? 3. How does the diet affect gut microbial composition, inflammation, and stress-related biomarkers? 4. Is the diet well-accepted and feasible to follow? Researchers will compare a combination intervention diet (high in fiber and fermented foods) to a control diet based on general healthy eating guidelines to assess differences in symptom improvement and biological outcomes. Participants will: 1. Complete six study visits over a 24-week period (screening, baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12, and optional follow-up at week 24). 2. Be randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups after baseline assessments. 3. Provide stool, saliva, urine, and blood samples at multiple timepoints. 4. Undergo cognitive testing and EEG recording to assess brain function. 5. Wear a wristband to track sleep and activity patterns. 6. Use a nutrition app to log dietary intake and receive weekly dietary support. 7. Complete validated questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, mood, eating behavior, gastrointestinal health, sleep, and lifestyle factors. Feasibility and acceptability of following the diet will also be self-reported. This study includes both adults diagnosed with ADHD and matched controls without a psychiatric condition to better understand the mechanisms and potential differential responses to dietary intervention.

This project will study how fidgeting relates to cognitive and emotional functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It will determine, in a laboratory setting, whether movement and access to a "fidget device" providing sensory and motor stimulation can improve cognitive and emotional regulation (including on physiological measures) in adult ADHD. The investigators will also acquire pilot data for machine learning analyses to be used in future, large scale studies to identify gestures and touch characteristics associated with improved cognitive and emotional regulation to see if the data can predict and subsequently develop recommendations to improve performance and emotional control in natural settings (e.g., home, office, college classroom) for adult ADHD.

The study aims to verify if the Gaize ocular device can effectively identify eye movements indicative of prescribed psychotropic medication usage by employing Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) testing protocols within a controlled virtual environment.