Adverse Drug Event

A multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, no-inferiority clinical trial conducted across 5 tertiary medical centers in China. The objective of this RCT is to evaluate the sedative efficacy and safety profile of remimazolam besylate compared with dexmedetomidine in patients requiring mechanical ventilation following non-cardiac surgery. The study hypothesized that remimazolam besylate is non-inferior to dexmedetomidine regarding the primary efficacy outcome.

Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, profoundly affecting patients' lives at every level, and its psychological and psychiatric impacts remain a major concern. Psychiatric disorders are frequently observed in cancer patients. Nevertheless, they were also underdiagnosed, with a consequent undermining possible interventions. Still, psychiatric disorders in cancer patients are not merely secondary complications but may actively contribute to poor oncological outcomes. The pathophysiology of cancer-related psychiatric disorders is multifactorial and is related to several neuropsychological and neurobiological factors. Specifically, the production of cytokines associated with cancer appears to play a role in the development of depression. Tumours trigger an inflammatory response that leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines influence central nervous system function and disrupt the regulation of the HPA axis, contributing to psychological symptoms such as depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and appetite loss. Moreover, psychiatric symptoms in cancer patients are often accompanied by neuropsychological alterations including deficits in memory, executive function, and attention. Compared to other individuals with psychiatric disorders, cancer patients may experience more severe cognitive impairments which can be exacerbated by cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. These treatments stimulate cytokine production by nearby non-cancerous cells and immune cells activated in response to treatment-induced cell death, thereby driving systemic inflammation. Cancer profoundly affects not only patients but also their families, who often bear the emotional and caregiving burden. Being close to a loved one with cancer can lead to significant psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, among family members and caregivers. The ripple effects of this burden underscore the need for a holistic approach to mental health in oncology. Given the background presented so far, identifying and managing psychiatric comorbidities in oncological patients and their families is crucial. This multifaceted interplay between cancer and psychiatric disorders necessitates a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to understanding, diagnosing, and treating these conditions effectively.

A five-year prospective observational cohort study. The study is focused on observing the relation between static germline variants and therapeutic response in Indian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The project is an International multicenter setup. This collaborative research project between Switzerland and India includes one main center in Geneva that has conceptualized, designed, received grants for the study and two investigating centers in India (Puducherry and New-Delhi) involved in study design, patient care and recruitment for this specific study. All the participants for the study will be recruited form these two centers in India, and no patient recruitment is planned at main center i.e. Geneva. The study will be conducted in two phases. The first aims to investigate genetic predisposition (static germline variants) to early chemotherapy treatment related toxicities (TRTs). The second aims to investigate somatic genetic markers associated with the efficacy of steroid treatment among patients undergoing the standardized IciCLe-ALL-14 treatment protocol. A total of 500 children with ALL will be recruited to investigate primary objective of the study i.e. TRT, and a subset of 250 patients will be included to investigate another research question i.e. response to steroid therapy.

This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of melatonin for the prevention of antibiotic associated acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients.

Tranexamic axid is routinely used as an antifibrinolytic agent in cardiac surgery to reduce the risk of blood loss and transfusion. However, there is no consensus regarding the dosage regimen of tranexamic acid that should be administered. The purpose of this study is to compare different dosages of tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass regarding the duration of inhibition of fibrinolysis as measured by the ClotPro test. Blood samples will be taken from the arterial line placed in the patient at specified time points in order to perform viscoelastic tests (ClotPro, TPA test), to detect successful inhibition of fibrinolysis and to measure tranexamic acid levels in the patient's blood. In case the action of tranexamic acid stops early postoperatively an additional dose of the medication will be administered to the patient.

An open longitudinal observational study, non-randomized, which will include the adult population, attended by the SES, in which preference will be given to those patients under treatment with drugs that can produce relevant adverse effects. It is a naturalistic study in which no pharmacological or other type of intervention will be carried out, only the information recommended in the drug data sheet (pharmacogenetic biomarkers, relevant interactions and clinical contraindications) will be provided.

The LOOK-UP is an investigator-initiated clinical study with the aim of monitoring the post-marketing safety of the medicine Rinvoq™ (upadacitinib), which is indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The Marketing Authorisation Holder is AbbVie Deutschland GmbH \& Co. KG.

This is a single-arm, single-center, drug safety assessment clinical trial with a 3+3 dose escalation design, to observe the safety, tolerability and toxicity of a novel oncolytic virus Ad-TD-nsIL12 intratumoral injection in progressive DIPG patients (NCI-CTCAE V5.0).

This is a drug safety assessment clinical trial with a 3+3 dose escalation design, to observe the safety, tolerability and toxicity of a novel oncolytic virus Ad-TD-nsIL12 intratumoral injection in primary DIPG patients (NCI-CTCAE V5.0).

This study is a randomized, open, parallel controlled clinical trial. The main purpose of this study was to compare the changes in body weight/body mass index (BMI) before and after treatment between the two groups of patients with NST full-course nutritional management and without NST full-course nutritional management. The secondary objective was to compare the quality of life, nutritional status, immune function and inflammatory response, adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and short-term/long-term efficacy between the two groups. The treatment plan was: esophageal cancer with routine nutrition guidance as the control group, and the NST whole-process intervention guidance as the experimental group. 1\. Experimental group: NST whole-course intervention 1. Nutritionists formulate nutritional programs and manage them in a refined manner. On the basis of the patient's natural diet (food and homogenate meal), enteral nutritional preparations or parenteral nutritional supplements are given according to the patient's gastrointestinal obstruction, dietary structure, and food intake. Energy 30-35kcal/kg/d, protein 1.2-1.5g/kg/d. Enteral nutrition administration route: oral or tube feeding or ostomy, oral feeding is preferred; severe obstruction of eating or oral can not meet the target nutrition, choose tube feeding or ostomy. When it is expected that enteral nutrition cannot meet 60% of the target energy requirement for 3 to 5 days, choose parenteral nutrition. The enteral nutritional preparation adopts the whole protein enteral nutritional preparation Nengquan, and/or the tumor nutritional preparation Ruineng, and/or whey protein powder. 2. Radiotherapy 3. Chemotherapy 2. Control group: routine nutrition guidance for esophageal cancer (1) Nutritional therapy: The nutritional program was the same as that of the experimental group, and the patients performed it themselves. (2) Concurrent chemoradiotherapy: the same as the experimental group. Efficacy evaluation: 1. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) 2. Quality of life score (EORTCQLQ-C30) 3. Nutritional status 4. Immune function and inflammatory response (total lymphocytes, CRP, IL-6) (4) Intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal flora (5) Adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (6) Short-term/long-term efficacy (5) Evaluation of treatment side effects (6) Short-term/long-term efficacy