Balance Assessment

The goals of this observational study are to investigate the following: * If there is a relationship between prior falls, single leg stance time, and plantar cutaneous sensitivity as measured by monofilaments. * Plantar sensitivity across a broad range of ages. * Self-reported physical function related to balance and mobility using the PROMIS® PROWalk™ questionnaire and balance confidence using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale-6 (ABC-6). Participants will answer questions about themselves and their balance and falls. Their plantar (bottom of their feet) sensation will also be tested using monofilaments. And they will stand on a force plate with their eyes open and closed in dual and single leg stances for up to 30 seconds.

To determine the combined effect of functional electrical stimulation and functional circuit training on postural stability, balance, and functional mobility in cerebral palsy

The goal of this observational study is to determine if patients with cervical myelopathy who participate in a Tai Chi program will demonstrate improved gait and balance compared to patients who undergo usual care. Participants must be 18 years or older and have a diagnosis of cervical myelopathy.

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the CONUT score, which reflects nutritional status, and balance performance in patients with chronic stroke. The secondary aims are to investigate the association between the CONUT score and functional status and stroke-specific quality of life, as well as to assess the relationships of mid-upper arm circumference, an anthropometric indicator of nutritional status, and ultrasonographic rectus femoris muscle thickness, which reflects muscle mass, with balance performance, functional status, and stroke-specific quality of life. In addition, the study aims to examine the relationships between bone mineral density and balance, functional status, and ambulation level in patients with chronic stroke.

This single-center interventional study aims to develop and validate a static balance assessment tool tailored for high-functioning older adults. Participants aged 65 years or older, who achieve a perfect score on the Short Physical Performance Battery and can maintain an open-eyes single-leg stance for at least 10 seconds, will be recruited. The assessment includes body composition measurement, open-eyes/closed-eyes single-leg stance, and the Balance Error Scoring System under firm and foam surface conditions. Each participant will undergo two testing sessions, 5-7 days apart, with both on-site and video-based scoring to determine test-retest reliability. The expected outcome is the development of an accurate and highly applicable static balance measurement tool to support healthy aging and fall prevention in community and long-term care settings.

this study aims to evaluate balance using the biodex balance system among patients with spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and lumber disc prolapse.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and Reliability of Berg Balance Scale in Albanian population

This research project aims to measure how balance is affected by special visual stimulation. Dizziness caused by complex moving visual patterns, known as optokinetic stimulation, is usually called visually induced dizziness (VID). The study includes patients with persistent symptoms after a concussion and those with non-traumatic dizziness. Healthy participants serve as a control group for the comparison of balance and symptom responses. The optokinetic stimulation is done using either a physical rotating disk or a virtual reality (VR) headset. The visual effects are created by bright moving dots. During the stimulation, these patterns move in a specific manner and directions while the subject's balance is recorded. Symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and nausea are also documented. The goal of this project is to improve objective diagnosis of VID. By comparing patients and healthy subjects, the study aim to assess the severity of the disorder. It is also assumed that using different visual stimuli during the balance assessment will offer more sensitive and accurate results. In the long term, this innovative assessment method shall support clinicians to establish the diagnosis of VID, and improve the treatment and management of patients with VID.

Postural instability is a common symptom of vestibular dysfunction that impacts a person's day-to-day activities. Vestibular rehabilitation is effective in decreasing dizziness, visual symptoms and improving postural control through several mechanisms including sensory reweighting. As part of the sensory reweighting mechanisms, vestibular activation training with headshake activities influence vestibular reflexes. However, combining challenging vestibular and postural tasks to facilitate more effective rehabilitation outcomes is under-utilized. The novel concurrent headshake and weight shift training (Concurrent HS-WST) is purported to train the vestibular system to directly impact the postural control system simultaneously and engage sensory reweighting to improve balance. Young healthy participants will perform the training by donning a virtual reality headset with an overhead harness on and a spotter present to prevent any falls. The investigators propose that this training strategy would show improved outcomes over traditional training methods by improving vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gains, eye movement variability, sensory reweighting and promoting postural balance. The findings of this study may guide clinicians to develop rehabilitation methods for vestibular postural control in neurological populations with vestibular and/or sensorimotor control impairment.

Previous studies have demonstrated that obesity negatively affects the human vestibular system. However, whether improvement in vestibular function occurs following the resolution of obesity remains an area requiring further investigation. Therefore, the investigators aimed to assess and analyze vestibular system functions in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery, both before the surgery, after the surgery, and following significant weight loss. Participants aged between 18 and 60 years who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study. Initially, participants will undergo medical history assessment and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement. The enrolled participants will be evaluated using the following tests at three different time points-preoperatively, at the 1st month postoperatively, and at the 6th month postoperatively: Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), static posturography test, Berg Balance Scale, SF-12 Quality of Life Scale, and the Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Although obesity has been shown to be associated with impaired postural balance, studies evaluating the direct effect of BMI on postural sway are limited. The aim of our study is to assess the vestibular system in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Through this, the investigators hope to contribute to the literature by providing balance assessments in individuals with obesity

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ultrasonographic measurements of the cervical muscles and balance parameters in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

Study Objectives Objective 1: Compare the fall risk assessment results between balance sensors, traditional tests, and clinical diagnoses. Objective 2: Improve the feasibility of using sensors to assess fall risk among older patients in the hospital. The investigators select Hong Kong as the region for the experiment. Specifically, the community clinics and daytime hospitals are the actual onsite locations for experimenting. The specific venues of these locations need an electrical power supply and a flat ground for conducting the device test. Patients will be recruited for the development and testing of a device for fall risk assessment, study participants will be involved in balancing assessments, and questionnaire surveys, their medical records will be accessed. And during these tests and questionnaire surveys, the investigators will take photos, videos, and or audio recordings.

Hearing loss is generally identified initially in life leading to difficulties in communication. In children, vestibular dysfunctions can cause a deficit in gross motor development and balance stability. At an early age, delayed gross motor development can cause impairment in the bilateral vestibular system and sensorineural hearing. The children with balance impairment cannot usually participate in physical activities. Running, cycling, hoping and leading to social isolation3. In Pakistan, 2.49% of the population suffers from some disability; the hearing loss population is 7.4%. In Pakistan, hearing loss is more reported in males as compared to females. According to the non-official data, nearly 1.2 in every 1000 Pakistani children suffer from moderate to severe bilateral hearing loss5. In this, 15% population is suffering from profound and nearly 85% from moderate to severe hearing loss.Children who have vestibular dysfunctions may experience many disorders of the vestibular system.Acute unilateral vestibular loss (AUVL) is the most frequent vestibular dysfunction. The etiology of acute unilateral vestibular loss is unknown, but the studies say it may be due to genetic and acquired causes (inflammatory and viral infections). The symptoms include static