Balance Changes

Postural balance is an essential capacity for functional autonomy and the performance of activities of daily living, relying on the continuous integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information. Within this system, the upper cervical region plays a particularly important role, as it contributes to the orientation of the head in space and to the coordination between the head, eyes, and trunk. Due to their deep location between the occiput, atlas, and axis, the suboccipital muscles have a high proprioceptive significance and are frequently associated with cervical position control and sensorimotor regulation. Changes in muscle tension, stiffness, or dysfunction in this region may alter the quality of afferent information transmitted to the central nervous system, potentially interfering with postural stability, head position awareness, body sway, and center of pressure control. In this context, the suboccipital inhibition technique is used in osteopathic practice as a manual intervention aimed at reducing myofascial tension, promoting relaxation of the upper cervical musculature, and potentially normalizing proprioceptive input.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and Reliability of Berg Balance Scale in Albanian population

The goal of this study ifs to determine the comparative effects of Lee Silverman voice treatment Big and dual task training on balance, cognition and functional mobility in older adults with cognitive impairment. Perform LSVT big four times in a week for about 4 months. Perform dual task training four times in a week for about 4 months. Complete assessments at baseline, the 4th, 8th, 12th weeks, and a follow-up at the 16th week. Outcome measures include Mini BESTest, MoCA, stroop test and time up and go test. Statistical analyses will assess within-group and between-group effects based on data distribution.

Fear of falling is a major public health problem and is characterized by a lack of confidence in one's ability to maintain balance and prevent falls. The fear can range from reasonable precautions to avoid slippery surfaces to an overwhelming fear that prevents people from performing everyday activities. Several factors contribute to this fear, including physical, psychological, social and environmental factors. These factors can not only lead to an increased tendency to fall, but also to increased anxiety, depression and social isolation, which can ultimately impair the individual's physical and mental health. Current approaches to help have only limited or moderate success, often because they do not take into account how the environment affects people's relationship with the floor. For example, in urbanized societies, people spend less time in contact with the floor, which may have led to an individual's perception of the floor changing. This connection is not only physical, but can also involve a lack of mental and sensory familiarity. Without regular interaction with the floor in different positions, the individual may feel insecure or unfamiliar with the floor. This unfamiliarity can increase anxiety and encourage hypervigilant behavior that can lead to a fear of falling. Similarly, unfamiliarity with the floor can also contribute to a person's ability to respond effectively to a fall, often leaving the person unsure of what steps to take next. The Floor-Hugging Intervention (Floor-HI) is a new intervention that can address these issues. The intervention consists of three main parts: learning how to get down on the floor, familiarizing oneself with the floor, and learning how to get back up. In the first part, participants learn how to lie down on the floor using evidence-based methods. The participant then practices lying on the floor to become more comfortable and less anxious. By repeatedly practicing lying on the floor in a safe environment, the intervention aims to break the connection between the floor and the fear associated with it, while promoting a more positive and confident mindset. The third part of Floor-HI is to teach strategies for getting up from the floor. This is important to help participants gain the confidence and physical strength to recover from falls. Participants are given practice in different ways to get up, first with the help of furniture and then without assistance. The training aims not only to improve participants' physical abilities but also their confidence in dealing with falls. Each session of the Floor HI programme is designed to last 1 hour and to be performed three times a week for three weeks. The training would be divided equally between getting used to the floor and learning to stand up. The results of the programme would be evaluated by assessing its impact on participants' fear of falling, static and dynamic balance, fall frequency, ability to get up from the floor and general quality of life. In addition, the acceptability of the intervention and any adverse events occurring as a result of participation in the intervention will also be collected. In conclusion, Floor-HI can be a good way to manage the fear of falling by focusing on both mental and physical aspects, which can ultimately help people to live more active and fulfilling lives.