Body Composition Changes

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 12-week nutritional supplement can result in significant changes in the body composition of 38-55-year-old females. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does a 12-week nutritional supplementation with myo-inositol, berberine, cinnamon, and chromium lead to significant changes in body composition (e.g. body mass index, body fat composition) in females aged 38-55 compared to placebo? * Does a 12-week nutritional supplementation with myo-inositol, berberine, cinnamon, and chromium lead to significant changes in small molecules (metabolites) in plasma and urine, menopause-related symptoms, and physical performance (e.g. grip strength) in females aged 38-55 compared to placebo? Researchers will compare the nutritional supplement to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no nutritional supplement) to see if the intervention works to change body composition in females aged 38-55. Participants will: * Sign a consent form before any procedures begin * Attend two visits to the clinical research facility at Southampton General Hospital over 12 weeks. * Fast before visit's and provide blood and urine samples at each visit * Undergo measurements at each visit, including waist and hip circumferences, grip and leg strength, and body composition. * Complete questionnaires about general health, menopause-related changes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. * Take 1 capsule 3 times a day at the onset of a meal (once in the morning, once at midday, and once in the evening) for the first 10 days. * Take 3 capsules 3 times a day at the onset of a meal (once in the morning, once at midday, and once in the evening) from day 11 to day 84. * Record supplement intake in a daily compliance diary during the study

This study aims to investigate the association between dietary intake, physical activity, sleep quality, and body composition in women in Kazakhstan. The study will recruit approximately 200 women aged 20 years and older undergoing routine DEXA examinations in Astana. Participants will complete validated questionnaires assessing diet, physical activity, sleep quality, and sarcopenia risk, alongside functional assessments. DEXA scans will provide measurements of fat mass, lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, bone mineral density, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. The primary objective is to evaluate associations between dietary quality and DEXA-derived outcomes. Secondary objectives include assessing sarcopenia prevalence and examining relationships between physical activity, sleep quality, supplement use, and body composition. An optional second stage will explore associations between body composition and existing inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers from medical records. The findings are expected to provide the first comprehensive DEXA-based dataset on women's body composition and lifestyle factors in Kazakhstan and inform public health strategies.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 12-week nutritional supplement can result in significant changes in the body composition of 38-55-year-old females. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does a 12-week nutritional supplementation with myo-inositol, berberine, cinnamon, and chromium lead to significant changes in body composition (e.g. body mass index, body fat composition) in females aged 38-55 compared to placebo? * Does a 12-week nutritional supplementation with myo-inositol, berberine, cinnamon, and chromium lead to significant changes in small molecules (metabolites) in plasma and urine, menopause-related symptoms, and physical performance (e.g. grip strength) in females aged 38-55 compared to placebo? Researchers will compare the nutritional supplement to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no nutritional supplement) to see if the intervention works to change body composition in females aged 38-55. Participants will: * Sign a consent form before any procedures begin * Attend two visits to the clinical research facility at Southampton General Hospital over 12 weeks. * Fast before visit's and provide blood and urine samples at each visit * Undergo measurements at each visit, including waist and hip circumferences, grip and leg strength, and body composition. * Complete questionnaires about general health, menopause-related changes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. * Take 1 capsule 3 times a day at the onset of a meal (once in the morning, once at midday, and once in the evening) for the first 10 days. * Take 3 capsules 3 times a day at the onset of a meal (once in the morning, once at midday, and once in the evening) from day 11 to day 84. * Record supplement intake in a daily compliance diary during the study

The consumption of an adequate quantity of protein in the diet is essential to maintain a healthy body composition and functioning. It is also well established that all proteins are not equal regarding their ability to promote health benefits. Recently, we have innovated in that matter by showing that under the context of high intake of dietary fat, the dairy protein casein was more effective than a mix of proteins representative of a western diet to prevent body weight gain and insulin resistance. This was explained in part by modifications of the gut microbiota. This finding represents the main conceptual basis of the present research program that is aimed to determine the impact of dairy protein from yogurt compared to a plant-based equivalent on body composition indicators including muscle mass and bone mineral density, in relation to the profile of the gut microbiota, the production of newly discovered protein-derived metabolites, and markers of metabolic health. This program will include a human and an animal component requiring the testing of these variables before and after a standardized intervention. The human component will be a clinical study consisting of a 12-week diet-based weight loss intervention in postmenopausal overweight women being randomly assigned to one of the three following groups: yogurt, plant-based yogurt, or kept on diet without supplements. The animal experimentation will permit to causally determine the implication of the gut microbiota in the protein effects following transfer of the human bacteria to germ free mice and validate the benefits seen in humans. It is anticipated that these two complementary investigative approaches will allow a thorough documentation of the impact of fermented dairy protein on body composition and functioning, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the identification of new biomarkers to better appreciate related health benefits.

This is a single-center, prospective observational study aiming to describe changes in body composition (specifically, percentage of lean mass and phase angle) in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The study will recruit patients with a confirmed IBD diagnosis who are starting biologic therapy or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) to induce clinical remission. Body composition will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at baseline (time 0), 24 weeks, and 52 weeks after starting medication. Clinical disease activity, endoscopic findings, and laboratory data will also be collected at various time points if available. The study has a total duration of 36 months, including a 12-18 month patient inclusion period and a 12-month follow-up. Patients will provide informed consent, and all treatment decisions will follow standard clinical practice, as this is a non-interventional observational study.

Over the past 20 years, China's obesity rates have surged, increasing cancer burden. Obesity links to 13 cancers via metabolic effects of visceral fat and insulin resistance, while sarcopenic obesity (BMI-independent) may worsen outcomes. Traditional BMI lacks precision; advanced methods (e.g., BIA/CT) are needed. Existing studies show inconsistent results, possibly due to heterogeneity. This multicenter prospective cohort study uses imaging to assess body composition changes (fat/muscle) in obesity-related tumors and their impact on survival, recurrence, and quality of life, and explore the underlying mechanism.

Dietary fiber has been shown to have beneficial effects on human health through its impact on microbes present in the gut. However, these effects can vary between individuals, and everyone may not reap the same health benefits by eating the same sources of fiber. Factors predicting how an individual's gut microbes as well as the beneficial metabolites produced by these microbes change in response to different sources of fiber would be helpful in developing precision nutrition approaches that maximize the benefits of dietary fiber. The objective of this study is to evaluate candidate predictors of gut microbiota response to fiber sources from either whole grains or fruits and vegetables.

Current recommendations for protein intake after bariatric surgery are not based on strong scientific evidence. It remains unclear how much protein should be eaten to minimize muscle loss and preserve the metabolism and function of individuals post-bariatric surgery. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between changes in body composition, nutrition and protein intake, and muscle function after bariatric surgery to further our understanding of the nutritional needs of patients after bariatric surgery. We intend to recruit around 75 participants, men and women, aged between 18 and 65 years. Participants will be recruited from the Bariatric Surgery Clinic, McGill University Health Center.

The primary aim of the study is to explore body composition in older adults (aged 70 years and over) with cancer, undergoing systemic anticancer treatment. Additional aims include to explore the extent of body composition changes and whether changes are tumour specific, the incidence for cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia and finally, how body composition can inform nutritional management of older adults with cancer. To do this, the investigators applied for and were awarded funding from a company called Nutricia to pay for a band 4 (0.6 WTE for 7 months) to take monthly body composition measures on the patients who are eligible, accepting of assessment by the Senior Adult Oncology Programme (SAOP) and consent to these measures. Measurements will include an analysis from the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) machine which will quantify fat, lean muscle, and water content; waist to hip ratio; handgrip strength; calf circumferences. Socio-demographic data will also be collected. Descriptive data analysis will take place to explore possible trends and associations which may inform future research and drive even further personalised care for this growing and typically underrepresented in research, population.