Brain Tumor, Recurrent

This is an open-label phase 1 safety and feasibility study evaluating a novel combination therapy for progressive and relapsed diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and other progressive and relapsed high-grade brain tumors. This study combines intravenous nivolumab therapy infused following transient blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO) using low-intensity focused ultrasound with microbubble (LIFU-MB) treatment using NeuroNavigation-Guided Focused Ultrasound (NgFUS). There are two groups in this study: * Group A: Patients with relapsed or progressive diffuse midline glioma in the brainstem * Group B: Patients with relapsed or progressive high grade brain tumor that clinically require surgical resection The primary outcome is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of 3 cycles of nivolumab with BBB disruption using NgFUS with microbubbles in pediatric patients with progressive or relapsed brainstem DMG or with high grade brain tumors after surgery. Secondary outcomes include preliminary efficacy and immunological effects.

The primary goal of this study is to establish the safety of chronic Convection Enhanced Delivery (CED) of the chemotherapeutic drug Topotecan for patients with recurrent malignant glioma that harbors the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase mutation (IDH-mut). The secondary goal of the study is to study drug distribution and assess the tumor response to prolonged continuous CED of Topotecan. Convection Enhanced Delivery is a novel method of drug delivery that allows administration of a drug directly to the brain. In CED, a drug pump is placed under the skin in the chest or abdominal region. The pump is connected to a catheter that is tunneled underneath the skin to the brain. The tip of the catheter then infuses Topotecan directly onto the brain tumor. There will be a total of four treatment infusions over the course of 23-29 days, with a 5-7-day rest period between each infusion. Throughout this period, patients' health will be monitored through imaging, blood draws, and regular exams. At the end of the treatment period, the pump will be removed, followed by resection of the tumor. Patients will be followed for the duration of their lives. This is the investigator's second clinical trial studying CED of TPT in recurrent glioma. In the prior Phase 1b trial, chronic pulsatile CED safely and effectively delivered Topotecan to patients with IDH mutant recurrent Glioblastoma (WHO grade 4).

ARISTOCRAT is a phase II, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial to compare the cannabinoid Nabiximols with placebo in patients with recurrent MGMT methylated glioblastoma (GBM) treated with temozolomide (TMZ).

Primary brain tumors are typically treated by surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, either individually or in combination. Present therapies are inadequate, as evidenced by the low 5-year survival rate for brain cancer patients, with median survival at approximately 12 months. Glioma is the most common form of primary brain cancer, afflicting approximately 7,000 patients in the United States each year. These highly malignant cancers remain a significant unmet clinical need in oncology. GBM often has a high expression of EFGR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), which is associated with poor prognosis. Several methods of inhibiting this receptor have been tested, including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The investigators hypothesize that in patients with recurring GBM, intracranial superselective intra-arterial infusion of Cetuximab (CTX), at a dose of 250mg/m2 in conjunction with hypofractionated radiation, will be safe and efficacious and prevent tumor progression in patients with recurrent, residual GBM.

This will be a prospective, randomized, standard of care (SoC) controlled, parallel, open-label, multicenter pivotal study to investigate the efficacy and safety of Bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with or without microbubble (MB)-mediated FUS in patients with recurrent GBM. BEV represents the physician's best choice for the standard of care in rGBM after previous treatment with surgery (if appropriate), standard radiotherapy with temozolomide chemotherapy, and with adjuvant temozolomide.

The objectives of this registry study are to evaluate real-world clinical outcomes and patient reported outcomes that measure the effectiveness and safety of STaRT.

The purpose of this research study is to test the safety and effectiveness of a cell therapy at different doses for children and young adults with recurrent or progressive brain tumors. Recurrent/recurred means a tumor that has gone away and then came back. This cell therapy is called B7- H3.CD28Z.CART, referred to as B7-H3 CAR T cells. B7-H3 is a protein that is over-expressed on many tumor cells, making it a good target for cancer cell therapy. The names of the study investigational therapies involved in this study are: * Fludarabine (a type of chemotherapy) * Cyclophosphamide (a type of chemotherapy) * B7-H3 CAR T cells (a type of cellular therapy)

High-grade gliomas are the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer. Scientists don't fully understand how they grow and spread, and treatments haven't improved much in recent years. However, it's been discovered that these cancers rely heavily on using glucose to maintain their cancerous traits. In lab tests, drugs from the azole class, which target a key step in glucose metabolism, have shown promise in reducing tumor growth in these cancers. Researchers now want to test two of these drugs, ketoconazole and posaconazole, in patients with recurring high-grade gliomas. A small group of these patients will receive either one or several doses of these drugs before undergoing surgery. During the surgery, doctors will measure how much of the drug is present in the brain. They will also study how the drug affects the tumor, particularly its ability to process glucose. This research aims to provide initial insights into how these drugs work in patients with this type of brain cancer, which could guide future research and treatment strategies.