Bullying of Child

In order to test the effect of the intervention, a multi-center randomized control trial (RCT) will be conducted to test the efficacy of the REThink interventions on improving bullying (both victimization and aggression) and mental health compared with a care as usual group. A minimum of 1000 students from the participating institutions (schools will be able to join based on a recruitment call), will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group.

The middle school period is the period when children begin to experience physical, emotional and social development and try to adapt to psychological changes. In this age group, which is seen as a transition period, the child's academic success and acceptance by peers and friends are also important. The problems experienced during this period can continue in adulthood and children are more likely to experience loneliness, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, absenteeism and a decrease in academic success. For this reason, early detection of risky behaviors that threaten children's health and evaluation of health promotion practices are very important issues for child health nursing. In recent years, peer bullying, aggression and social exclusion have increased and continue to increase in the middle school period, also called early adolescence. For this purpose, a study was needed to identify the situation in middle school students and reduce this negativity. In this respect, it is thought that the study will contribute to the literature. In addition, if the hypotheses of the study are confirmed, it is expected that similar training will be provided in other schools and contribute to the reduction of risky behaviors. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of motivational interviewing-based education on peer bullying, social exclusion and aggression in secondary school students and to offer suggestions for situations where deficiencies are observed based on the findings obtained.

In order to test the effect of the intervention, a multi-center randomized control trial (RCT) will be conducted to test the efficacy of the REThink interventions on improving bullying (both victimization and aggression) and mental health compared with a care as usual group. A minimum of 1000 students from the participating institutions (schools will be able to join based on a recruitment call), will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group.

The present study aimed to test the effectiveness of motivated social-emotional Learning (MSEL) and traditional curriculum-based social-emotional learning (CSEL) in reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among Hong Kong primary school students. The main research questions the cRCT aims to answer are: 1. Does MSEL reduce bullying perpetration and victimization among Hong Kong primary school students? 2. Is MSEL more effective than the traditional CSEL in reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among Hong Kong primary school students? In according with the research questions, the following hypotheses will be tested: H1: MSEL can significantly change primary outcomes and secondary outcomes at posttest and 3-month follow-up. H2: CSEL can significantly change primary outcomes and secondary outcomes at posttest and 3-month follow-up. H3: Compared with the intervention group of CSEL, the MSEL group will experience greater changes in primary and secondary outcomes. Classroom is the randomization unit and the participating classrooms are randomly assigned to each of the three arms-the waitlist control group (WCL, no intervention delivered during the implementation period), the CSEL group (only receiving curriculum-based SEL training), and the MSEL group (participating in CSEL and Class Ambassador). The multi-method (i.e., questionnaires and face-to-face interviews) approach will be used to assess primary outcomes (i.e., school bullying victimization and perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration, defending behaviors) and secondary outcomes (i.e., social-emotional competence, prosocial behaviors, school safety and liking, psychological well-being). Also, the data collection will be conducted in the 2024-2025 academic term at three different time points: the baseline (T0, prior to the beginning of intervention, Sept. 2024), the posttest (T1, the completion of intervention, Dec. 2024) and the follow-up (T2, three months after the completion of intervention, April 2025). The analysis and report of the data start in the fall of 2025.