C-Section

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether daily probiotic drops plus vitamin D3 can improve early gut microbiome colonization in healthy infants born by C-section. It will also assess safety and tolerability. An intervention with probiotics + vitamin D3 will be compared to placebo + vitamin D3 in a double-blind, randomized design, and include an open-label vaginal-born reference group. Participants will receive study drops daily for 8 weeks and provide stool samples at multiple time points and complete questionnaires/diaries. After the intervention period, there is an optional follow-up period for up to 3 years.

This is a single-center, parallel-arm, blind, sham-controlled, feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) to be conducted in healthy cesarean-born children. Eligible children will be randomized 1:1 to have their nose swabbed with either maternal vaginal secretions or a sterile swab (intervention vs. control group, respectively). The main hypothesis is that conducting an RCT assessing the utility of vaginal seeding in modifying the early-life upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome of children born by cesarean section (C-section) is feasible and that the intervention is safe.

Kinesio taping gently stretches the skin and creates a gap between the dermis and fascia, increasing lymphatic and vascular flow and reducing pain without restricting movement. It is used to provide rehabilitation after surgical operations. This study will be conducted to determine the effect of kinesio taping on the mother\'s pain and comfort after cesarean section. It is planned to include 60 women who gave birth by cesarean section in the obstetrics and gynecology department at Şırnak State Hospital. Research data will be collected with the visual analog scale and postpartum comfort scale. If the data shows normal distribution, Unrelated Samples t Test, Related Samples t Test and Repeated Measures ANOVA (Repeated Measures) tests will be used.