Calcification

The study hypothesis is that the rate of inadequate surgical margins after conservative breast surgery for DICS and the rate of reoperation (re-excision or/and mastectomy) is lower in the group of patients who underwent standard preoperative mammography and CEM to assess the extent of DICS, compared to the group of patients for whom the preoperative assessment of the extent of in situ breast cancer was not performed using one of the imaging techniques with contrast medium such as contrast mammography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the standard treatment for patients with coronary artery disease who have an indication for surgery. Coronary artery calcification not only makes stent delivery and expansion more difficult during PCI, but also increases the risk of vessel perforation. In addition, calcified plaque can lead to incomplete stent expansion, which increases the risk of in-stent restenosis and thrombosis. Although the technology and techniques of interventional devices continue to improve, heavily calcified lesions remain an important risk factor for PCI failure. This study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. It is planned to select 40 cases of subjects with calcified plaque can lead to incomplete stent expansion who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. They are randomly dividing them into Intravascular lithotripsy treatment group and high-pressure balloon treatment group according to the ratio of 1:1. All subjects accept clinical follow-up after operation, at 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months after operation. Follow-up with angiography and OCT are conducted at 12 months. The primary endpoint was thickness of neointima at 12 months.

A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is present in 15-20% of patients who are referred for invasive coronary angiography. CTO Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) procedure success rates have increased over the years and can be as high as 90% when performed by high-volume CTO operators.Procedurally, excess calcification in the CTO anatomy is one factor which makes it difficult to complete the procedure or obtain ideal stent expansion. Excess calcification is best identified by Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) rather than invasive angiography. The investigators plan to retrospectively evaluate CTCA in patients who underwent CTO PCI and correlate calcification characteristics with CTO PCI outcomes and tools utilised for calcium modification.